需要强化铁的食物来满足澳大利亚6至12个月婴儿的铁估计平均需求量。

Iron-Fortified Foods Are Needed To Meet the Estimated Average Requirement for Iron in Australian Infants Aged 6 to 12 Months.

作者信息

Moumin Najma A, Grieger Jessica A, Netting Merryn J, Makrides Maria, Green Tim J

机构信息

Women and Kids Theme, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide South Australia, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia.

Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2023 Oct;153(10):3101-3109. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.018. Epub 2023 Aug 19.

DOI:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.018

PMID:37604385

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Meeting iron intake recommendations is challenging for infants 6-12 mo, especially breastfed infants. Three-quarters of Australian infants 6-12 mo have iron intakes below the estimated average requirement (7 mg), placing them at risk of iron deficiency. After 6 mo, breastmilk is no longer sufficient to meet the increased demand for iron, and iron-rich complementary foods are recommended. Iron-fortified foods may be a means of improving iron intake in infants, particularly those that are breastfed.

OBJECTIVES

The aims of the study were as follows: 1) to examine the effect of milk-type and fortified foods on iron intake and the prevalence of inadequacy in infants 6-12 mo; 2) to model the effect of fixed amounts of iron-fortified infant cereal (IFIC) at 6 levels of iron fortification on total iron intake and the prevalence of inadequacy; and 3) to assess the effect IFIC on the intake of other nutrients in the diet.

DESIGN

Secondary analysis of cross-sectional dietary intake data of infants 6-12 mo (n = 286) participating in the Australian Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (OzFITS) 2021.

RESULTS

Median (interquartile range) iron intake was 8.9 (7.5, 10.3); 6.3 (4.5, 8.2); and 2.7 (1.5, 4.4) mg/d in formula-fed, combination-fed, and breastfed infants, respectively. The corresponding prevalence of inadequacy was 19%, 67%, and 96%. Infants who consumed fortified foods had higher median iron intakes than those who did not, 6.2 compared with 1.9 mg/d. Dietary modeling showed that consuming 18 g (300 kJ) of IFIC, fortified at 35 mg/100 g dry weight, reduces the prevalence of inadequacy for iron from 75% to 5% for all infants.

CONCLUSIONS

Iron intakes are low in Australian infants, especially for breastfed infants in the second half of infancy. Modeling shows that 300 kJ of IFIC, the current manufacturer-recommended serving, fortified at 35 mg/100 g dry weight, added to infant diets would be an effective means to reduce the prevalence of inadequacy for iron.

摘要

背景

对于6至12个月大的婴儿，尤其是母乳喂养的婴儿来说，达到铁摄入量建议水平具有挑战性。四分之三的6至12个月大的澳大利亚婴儿铁摄入量低于估计平均需求量（7毫克），这使他们面临缺铁风险。6个月后，母乳不再足以满足对铁日益增加的需求，因此建议添加富含铁的辅食。强化铁的食物可能是提高婴儿铁摄入量的一种方式，尤其是对于母乳喂养的婴儿。

目的

本研究的目的如下：1）研究奶类类型和强化食品对6至12个月大婴儿铁摄入量及铁摄入不足发生率的影响；2）模拟6种铁强化水平的固定量铁强化婴儿谷物（IFIC）对总铁摄入量及铁摄入不足发生率的影响；3）评估IFIC对饮食中其他营养素摄入量的影响。

设计

对参与2021年澳大利亚婴幼儿喂养研究（OzFITS）的6至12个月大婴儿（n = 286）的横断面饮食摄入数据进行二次分析。

结果

配方奶喂养、混合喂养和母乳喂养的婴儿的铁摄入量中位数（四分位间距）分别为8.9（7.5，10.3）、6.3（4.5，8.2）和2.7（1.5，4.4）毫克/天。相应的铁摄入不足发生率分别为19%、67%和96%。食用强化食品的婴儿的铁摄入量中位数高于未食用强化食品的婴儿，分别为6.2毫克/天和1.9毫克/天。饮食模型显示，食用18克（300千焦）每100克干重铁强化量为35毫克的IFIC，可使所有婴儿的铁摄入不足发生率从75%降至5%。