Blackmore S
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1986 Oct;174(10):615-9. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198610000-00006.
Questionnaires on perceptual distortions, symptoms of schizophrenia, and out-of-body experiences (OBEs) were completed by 71 volunteers with a history of schizophrenia and 40 control subjects (patients in a hospital accident ward). Significantly more of the schizophrenics (42%) than of the control group (13%) answered "yes" to a question about OBEs. However, a follow-up questionnaire showed that only 14% of schizophrenics (i.e., the same as the control group) had had "typical" OBEs, in which a change of viewpoint was reported. Those reporting typical OBEs did not report more perceptual distortions or symptoms of schizophrenia than did those reporting no OBEs, although those reporting other atypical experiences did. On this basis there is no evidence to consider the typical OBE as pathological or as symptomatic of schizophrenia.
71名有精神分裂症病史的志愿者和40名对照受试者（医院事故病房的患者）完成了关于感知扭曲、精神分裂症症状和体外体验（OBE）的问卷调查。在关于OBE的问题上，回答“是”的精神分裂症患者（42%）显著多于对照组（13%）。然而，一份后续问卷显示，只有14%的精神分裂症患者（即与对照组相同）有过“典型”的OBE，即报告有视角变化。报告有典型OBE的患者与未报告有OBE的患者相比，并没有报告更多的感知扭曲或精神分裂症症状，不过报告有其他非典型体验的患者则有更多此类症状。基于此，没有证据将典型的OBE视为病理性的或精神分裂症的症状。
