Neuropsychological correlates of reality distortion in schizophrenic patients.

The present study aims at exploring the relationship between content-related aspects of delusions and hallucinations in schizophrenia and the basic domains of cognition, controlling for the other clinical and demographic variables that could produce bias in the interpretation of the results. Seventy stable schizophrenic patients were evaluated through psychiatric assessment and a neuropsychological battery including tests on attention, memory, perceptual-motor speed and executive functions. We found that the severity of negative symptoms was strongly correlated with poor performance in almost all domains of cognitive functions, while only the attentional deficit was correlated with positive symptoms. The relationships between different cognitive domains and specific types of delusions and hallucinations showed that thought insertion, guilt, grandiose, religious and somatic delusions were associated with impairment in different cognitive functions (verbal and visual memory, attention and executive functions). Voices arguing and tactile hallucinations were correlated to delay-recall memory function. Our results suggest that no specific cognitive pattern is associated with typical-content delusions and hallucinations. On the basis of our findings, cognitive impairments associated with delusions and hallucinations, as measured by our battery, seem not to play a central role in the genesis and the maintenance of these symptoms, suggesting a more complex model of pathogenesis.