Barnes M P, Saunders M, Walls T J, Saunders I, Kirk C A
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986 Sep;49(9):991-6. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.49.9.991.
Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum was the first to describe catatonia in 1868. There has been a tendency to consider catatonia as a psychiatric disease despite many case reports demonstrating a wide range of medical and neurological as well as psychiatric causes. We present our accumulated experience of the catatonic syndrome. Most cases (36%) were associated with affective illness but five cases (20%) had a defined organic disorder. A significant minority had no identifiable cause and there was only one case of schizophrenia. The idiopathic and affective groups had a high incidence of recurrent catatonic episodes and many had a family history of a similar problem. The prognosis was excellent, except for the few patients who presented with the acute and rapidly progressive form of the syndrome which led to acute renal failure.
卡尔·路德维希·卡尔鲍姆于1868年首次描述了紧张症。尽管有许多病例报告表明紧张症有广泛的医学、神经学以及精神科病因，但一直存在将其视为精神疾病的倾向。我们展示了我们在紧张症综合征方面积累的经验。大多数病例（36%）与情感性疾病相关，但有五例（20%）有明确的器质性疾病。相当一部分病例没有可识别的病因，仅有一例精神分裂症。特发性和情感性组复发性紧张症发作的发生率很高，许多患者有类似问题的家族史。除了少数表现为急性且快速进展形式的综合征并导致急性肾衰竭的患者外，预后良好。
