Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2023 Dec 7;53(12):1112-1118. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyad109.
Head and neck mucosal melanoma is a rare clinical subtype of melanoma or head and neck cancer. Mucosal melanoma is aetiologically and molecularly distinct from cutaneous melanoma. The therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for head and neck mucosal melanoma remains unclear. Surgery is considered as the mainstay of treatment for locally advanced head and neck mucosal melanoma, and adjuvant radiotherapy has a role in local disease control. New treatment modalities, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have changed the treatment of cutaneous melanoma. However, patients with mucosal melanoma have been excluded from most Phase III clinical trials. Due to its rarity, outcome data for locally advanced head and neck mucosal melanoma are scarce and are mainly based on retrospective studies with limited case numbers. The objective of this review was to provide an update and overview of clinical trials, prospective observational studies and retrospective studies and discuss future directions for multimodal treatment of locally advanced head and neck mucosal melanoma.
头颈部黏膜黑色素瘤是一种罕见的黑色素瘤或头颈部癌症的临床亚型。黏膜黑色素瘤在病因学和分子水平上与皮肤黑色素瘤不同。免疫检查点抑制剂对头颈部黏膜黑色素瘤的疗效仍不清楚。手术被认为是局部晚期头颈部黏膜黑色素瘤的主要治疗方法，辅助放疗在局部疾病控制中起作用。新的治疗方式，如靶向治疗和免疫治疗，已经改变了皮肤黑色素瘤的治疗方法。然而，大多数 III 期临床试验都排除了黏膜黑色素瘤患者。由于其罕见性，局部晚期头颈部黏膜黑色素瘤的预后数据有限，主要基于回顾性研究，且病例数量有限。本综述的目的是提供头颈部黏膜黑色素瘤的临床试验、前瞻性观察研究和回顾性研究的最新进展和概述，并讨论局部晚期头颈部黏膜黑色素瘤的多模式治疗的未来方向。
