Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
J Exp Bot. 2023 Nov 21;74(21):6417-6430. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erad326.
Phosphorus is essential to plant growth and agricultural crop yields, yet the challenges associated with phosphorus fertilization in agriculture, such as aquatic runoff pollution and poor phosphorus bioavailability, are increasingly difficult to manage. Comprehensively understanding the dynamics of phosphorus uptake and signaling mechanisms will inform the development of strategies to address these issues. This review describes regulatory mechanisms used by specific tissues in the root apical meristem to sense and take up phosphate from the rhizosphere. The major regulatory mechanisms and related hormone crosstalk underpinning phosphate starvation responses, cellular phosphate homeostasis, and plant adaptations to phosphate starvation are also discussed, along with an overview of the major mechanism of plant systemic phosphate starvation responses. Finally, this review discusses recent promising genetic engineering strategies for improving crop phosphorus use and computational approaches that may help further design strategies for improved plant phosphate acquisition. The mechanisms and approaches presented include a wide variety of species including not only Arabidopsis but also crop species such as Oryza sativa (rice), Glycine max (soybean), and Triticum aestivum (wheat) to address both general and species-specific mechanisms and strategies. The aspects of phosphorus deficiency responses and recently employed strategies of improving phosphate acquisition that are detailed in this review may provide insights into the mechanisms or phenotypes that may be targeted in efforts to improve crop phosphorus content and plant growth in low phosphorus soils.
磷是植物生长和农业作物产量所必需的，但农业中与磷施肥相关的挑战，如水生径流污染和磷生物利用度差，越来越难以管理。全面了解磷吸收和信号转导机制将为解决这些问题提供策略。
本综述描述了根顶端分生组织中特定组织用于从根际感应和吸收磷酸盐的调节机制。还讨论了磷酸盐饥饿响应、细胞磷酸盐稳态和植物对磷酸盐饥饿的适应的主要调节机制和相关激素串扰，以及植物系统性磷酸盐饥饿响应的主要机制概述。最后，本文讨论了最近有希望的提高作物磷利用的遗传工程策略和可能有助于进一步设计改善植物磷吸收策略的计算方法。所提出的机制和方法包括多种物种，不仅包括拟南芥，还包括作物物种，如水稻、大豆和小麦，以解决一般和特定物种的机制和策略。
本综述详细介绍了磷缺乏响应的各个方面以及最近采用的提高磷酸盐获取的策略，这可能为提高作物磷含量和低磷土壤中植物生长的目标机制或表型提供了一些见解。
