Cash T F, Green G K
J Pers Assess. 1986 Summer;50(2):290-301. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5002_15.
This study examined the relations between body weight and multiple parameters of body image in a nonclinical sample. Thirty-six female undergraduate students with stable body weights served as subjects; 12 were underweight, 12 were normal weight, and 12 were overweight, as determined using recent normative tables. Each subject responded to a general weight information questionnaire and to the Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, a standardized instrument assessing affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of appearance-related body image. A newly developed apparatus and procedure for estimating body size, the Body Image Detection Device, was utilized for perceptual and cognitive measures of body image. Each subject estimated and also subjectively appraised the width of her own body at five points and that of a realistic female mannequin. A caliper was used to record actual widths, and a standard laboratory scale and rule measured weight and height. The general finding of the study was that the perceptual, affective, and cognitive components of body image differed as a function of body weight, but the nature of the differences varied with the measure employed. The pattern of results for the perceptual measure suggest a cautious view of its reliability and validity. The multidimensional approach of our study, in marked contrast to earlier fractionated studies, offers a more integrated perspective on body image and provides new directions for future research.
本研究在一个非临床样本中考察了体重与身体意象多个参数之间的关系。三十六名体重稳定的本科女生作为研究对象；根据最新的标准表格确定，其中12人体重过轻，12人体重正常，12人体重超重。每位研究对象都要回答一份一般体重信息问卷以及身体自我关系问卷，这是一种评估与外貌相关的身体意象的情感、认知和行为成分的标准化工具。一种新开发的用于估计身体尺寸的仪器和程序，即身体意象检测装置，被用于身体意象的感知和认知测量。每位研究对象估计并主观评价了自己身体五个部位以及一个逼真的女性人体模型的宽度。用卡尺记录实际宽度，用标准实验室秤和尺子测量体重和身高。该研究的总体发现是，身体意象的感知、情感和认知成分因体重而异，但差异的性质随所采用的测量方法而有所不同。感知测量结果的模式表明，对其信度和效度应持谨慎态度。与早期的分段研究形成鲜明对比的是，我们研究的多维方法为身体意象提供了更综合的视角，并为未来的研究提供了新的方向。
