Lijinsky W
Cancer Res. 1979 Jul;39(7 Pt 2):2887-90.
The history of chemical carcinogenesis is a record of the observations of physicians and epidemiologists of the relation between the occurrence of uncommon cancers in humans and the exposures of those people to certain chemical agents. In parallel with some of these findings, experimental animal models were developed to imitate the findings in humans. From these experimental studies has been obtained most of the information we have about the mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis. Many of the biochemical studies have focused on liver cancer which might be an inappropriate general model for chemically induced cancer, liver cancer being comparatively rare in humans. It is not known to what extent exposures to any particular chemical carcinogens are responsible for the major human cancers, and the agents responsible for most of them are not known. It is probable that many noncarcinogenic chemicals act as promotors of carcinogenesis, and among these alcohol can be included as in important contributor.
化学致癌作用的历史是医生和流行病学家对人类罕见癌症的发生与这些人接触某些化学物质之间关系观察的记录。与其中一些发现同时，人们开发了实验动物模型来模仿人类的发现。我们所拥有的关于化学致癌作用机制的大部分信息都来自这些实验研究。许多生化研究都集中在肝癌上，而肝癌可能并不是化学诱导癌症的合适通用模型，因为肝癌在人类中相对罕见。尚不清楚接触任何特定化学致癌物在多大程度上导致了主要的人类癌症，而且导致大多数人类癌症的化学物质尚不清楚。很可能许多非致癌化学物质充当致癌作用的促进剂，其中酒精可被视为一个重要的促成因素。
