Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biotechnology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Curr Med Chem. 2024;31(39):6371-6392. doi: 10.2174/0929867331666230823094737.
Although leishmaniasis is one of the most common parasitic diseases, its traditional treatments suffer from some serious problems. To solve such issues, we can take advantage of the effective nanoparticle-based approaches to deliver anti-leishmanial agents into leishmania-infected macrophages either using passive targeting or using macrophagerelated receptors. Despite the high potential of nanotechnology, Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome) is the only FDA-approved nanoparticle-based anti-leishmanial therapy. In an effort to find more anti-leishmanial nano-drugs, this 2011-2021 review study aimed to investigate the and effectiveness of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) in the delivery of some traditional anti-leishmanial drugs. Based on the results, PLGA-NPs could improve solubility, controlled release, trapping efficacy, bioavailability, selectivity, and mucosal penetration of the drugs, while they decreased resistance, dose/duration of administration and organotoxicity of the agents. However, none of these nano-formulations have been able to enter clinical trials so far. We summarized the data about the common problems of anti-leishmanial agents and the positive effects of various PLGA nano-formulations on reducing these drawbacks under both and conditions in three separate tables. Overall, this study proposes two AmB-loaded PLGA with a 99% reduction in parasite load as promising nanoparticles for further studies.
虽然利什曼病是最常见的寄生虫病之一，但它的传统治疗方法存在一些严重的问题。为了解决这些问题，我们可以利用有效的基于纳米粒子的方法，将抗利什曼原虫药物递送到利什曼原虫感染的巨噬细胞中，无论是通过被动靶向还是利用与巨噬细胞相关的受体。尽管纳米技术具有很高的潜力，但脂质体两性霉素 B（AmBisome）是唯一获得 FDA 批准的基于纳米粒子的抗利什曼原虫疗法。为了寻找更多的抗利什曼原虫纳米药物，本 2011-2021 年的综述研究旨在研究聚（乳酸-共-乙醇酸）纳米粒子（PLGA-NPs）在递送一些传统抗利什曼原虫药物中的作用和效果。基于这些结果，PLGA-NPs 可以提高药物的溶解度、控制释放、捕获效率、生物利用度、选择性和黏膜穿透力，同时降低药物的耐药性、给药剂量/时间和器官毒性。然而，到目前为止，这些纳米制剂都没有能够进入临床试验。我们总结了关于抗利什曼原虫药物常见问题的数据，以及各种 PLGA 纳米制剂在体内和体外条件下降低这些缺点的积极作用，分别在三张表中进行了总结。总的来说，这项研究提出了两种载两性霉素 B 的 PLGA，寄生虫负荷减少了 99%，作为进一步研究的有前途的纳米粒子。
