Dirección de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Centro de Estudios para la Prevención y Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles, Universidad Isalud, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023 Aug 1;19(2):2237391. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2237391.
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is an uncommon but serious and potentially fatal condition, mainly affecting infants. In 2017, Argentina introduced a vaccination program against serogroups A, C, W and Y (MenACWY) for infants aged 3, 5 and 15 months and adolescents aged 11 years. The objective of this study was to review the burden of IMD in Argentina in 2010-2019. Data were obtained from national surveillance databases, and the study estimated IMD incidence, mortality, case-fatality rates, and serogroup distributions across age groups. A total of 1,972 IMD cases were reported in the study period, with the highest incidence in infants aged < 1 year. Incidence peaked in 2013 and subsequently declined. Mortality rates were 18 times higher in infants than in other age groups, reflecting the high impact of IMD in this age group. The case-fatality rate was 8.5% on average and increased with age. The proportion of notified cases with serogroup identification increased over the period, reaching 91% in 2019. The most common serogroups over the study period were serogroup B (48%) and serogroup W (42%), with an increase in B relative to W since 2015. In infants aged < 1 year, the proportion of serogroup B increased in recent years, reaching around 70% of characterized cases in 2018-2019. These results show the dynamism of IMD and indicate the importance of vaccination at an early age and offering protection against predominant serogroups. These data are valuable to support evidence-based decision-making in healthcare.
侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病（IMD）是一种罕见但严重且潜在致命的疾病，主要影响婴儿。2017 年，阿根廷为 3、5 和 15 个月大的婴儿以及 11 岁的青少年推出了针对 A、C、W 和 Y 血清群（MenACWY）的疫苗接种计划。本研究的目的是回顾 2010-2019 年阿根廷 IMD 的负担。数据来自国家监测数据库，研究估计了 IMD 的发病率、死亡率、病死率和各年龄组的血清型分布。研究期间共报告了 1972 例 IMD 病例，发病率最高的是<1 岁的婴儿。发病率在 2013 年达到峰值，随后下降。婴儿的死亡率比其他年龄组高 18 倍，反映了 IMD 在该年龄组的高影响。平均病死率为 8.5%，并随年龄增长而增加。有血清型鉴定的病例比例在报告期间有所增加，2019 年达到 91%。研究期间最常见的血清型是 B 血清型（48%）和 W 血清型（42%），自 2015 年以来 B 血清型相对于 W 血清型有所增加。在<1 岁的婴儿中，B 血清型的比例近年来有所增加，2018-2019 年达到约 70%的特征性病例。这些结果表明 IMD 的动态变化，并表明在早期接种疫苗和针对主要血清型提供保护的重要性。这些数据对于支持医疗保健中的循证决策具有重要价值。
