a The Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health , Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia.
b Westmead Institute of Medical Research , University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(2):470-480. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1532248. Epub 2018 Oct 26.
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a serious disease that is fatal in 5-15% and disabling in 12-20% of cases. The dynamic and unpredictable epidemiology is a particular challenge of IMD prevention. Although vaccination against meningococcal serogroups A (MenA), MenC and, more recently, MenB, are proving successful, other serogroups are emerging as major IMD causes. Recently, surges in MenW incidence occurred in South America, Europe, Australia and parts of sub-Saharan Africa, with hypervirulent strains being associated with severe IMD and higher fatality rates. This review describes global trends in MenW-IMD epidemiology over the last 5-10 years, with emphasis on the response of national/regional health authorities to increased MenW prevalence in impacted areas. Several countries (Argentina, Australia, Chile, the Netherlands and UK) have implemented reactive vaccination campaigns to reduce MenW-IMD, using MenACWY conjugate vaccines. Future vaccination programs should consider the evolving epidemiology of MenW-IMD and the most impacted age groups.
侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病 (IMD) 是一种严重的疾病，其病死率为 5-15%，致残率为 12-20%。该病的动态和不可预测的流行病学特征是预防 IMD 的一个特别挑战。尽管接种脑膜炎球菌 A 群（MenA）、C 群和最近的 B 群疫苗已被证明是成功的，但其他血清群已成为主要的 IMD 病因。最近，MenW 血清型在南美洲、欧洲、澳大利亚和撒哈拉以南非洲部分地区的发病率出现上升，与严重 IMD 和更高病死率相关的是高毒力菌株。本文描述了过去 5-10 年全球 MenW-IMD 流行病学的趋势，重点介绍了各国/地区卫生当局对受影响地区 MenW 流行率升高的应对措施。一些国家（阿根廷、澳大利亚、智利、荷兰和英国）已实施了针对 MenW-IMD 的反应性疫苗接种运动，使用 MenACWY 结合疫苗。未来的疫苗接种计划应考虑到 MenW-IMD 的不断变化的流行病学特征和受影响最大的年龄组。
