Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
Ohio Department of Agriculture, Virology, and Molecular Diagnostics, Reynoldsburg, Ohio, USA.
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2023 Nov;20(11):477-483. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0043. Epub 2023 Aug 23.
The practice of feeding raw meat-based diets to dogs has grown in popularity worldwide in recent years. However, there are public health risks in handling and feeding raw meat-based dog diets (RMDDs) to dogs since there are no pathogen reduction steps to reduce the microbial load, which may include antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic bacteria. A total of 100 RMDDs from 63 suppliers were sampled, and selective media were used to isolate bacteria from the diets. Bacterial identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were conducted to identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The primary meat sources for RMDDs included in this study were poultry (37%) and beef (24%). Frozen-dry was the main method of product production (68%). In total, 52 true and opportunistic pathogens, including (mainly , ) and , were obtained from 30 RMDDs. Resistance was identified to 19 of 28 antimicrobials tested, including amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (23/52, 44%), ampicillin (19/52, 37%), cephalexin (16/52, 31%), tetracycline (7/52, 13%), marbofloxacin (7/52, 13%), and cefazolin (6/52, 12%). All 19 bacterial isolates submitted for WGS harbored at least one type of AMR gene. The identified AMR genes were found to mediate resistance to aminoglycoside (gentamicin, streptomycin, amikacin/kanamycin, gentamicin/kanamycin/tobramycin), macrolide, beta-lactam (carbapenem, cephalosporin), tetracycline, fosfomycin, quinolone, phenicol/quinolone, and sulfonamide. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that feeding and handling RMDDs may pose a significant public health risk due to the presence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, and further research and intervention may be necessary to minimize these risks.
近年来，将生肉基饮食喂给狗在世界范围内越来越流行。然而，由于没有减少病原体的步骤来降低微生物负荷，因此在处理和喂养生肉基狗饮食（RMDD）时存在公共卫生风险，这可能包括具有抗药性的致病细菌。从 63 个供应商中抽取了 100 份 RMDD 样本，并使用选择性培养基从饮食中分离细菌。进行细菌鉴定、抗生素敏感性测试和全基因组测序（WGS）以鉴定抗生素耐药性（AMR）。本研究中 RMDD 的主要肉类来源包括家禽（37%）和牛肉（24%）。冷冻干燥是主要的产品生产方法（68%）。总共从 30 份 RMDD 中获得了 52 种真正和机会性病原体，包括 （主要是 ）和 ， 和 。从 28 种测试的抗生素中鉴定出 19 种耐药性，包括阿莫西林/克拉维酸（23/52，44%）、氨苄西林（19/52，37%）、头孢氨苄（16/52，31%）、四环素（7/52，13%）、马波沙星（7/52，13%）和头孢唑林（6/52，12%）。提交进行 WGS 的所有 19 个细菌分离株都至少携带一种 AMR 基因。鉴定出的 AMR 基因介导了对氨基糖苷类（庆大霉素、链霉素、阿米卡星/卡那霉素、庆大霉素/卡那霉素/妥布霉素）、大环内酯类、β-内酰胺类（碳青霉烯类、头孢菌素类）、四环素类、磷霉素、喹诺酮类、青霉素/喹诺酮类和磺胺类药物的耐药性。总之，这项研究的结果表明，由于存在具有抗药性的病原体，喂养和处理 RMDD 可能会对公共健康造成重大风险，可能需要进一步研究和干预措施来最小化这些风险。
