Gao Tian, Bico José, Roman Benoît
Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France.
Science. 2023 Aug 25;381(6660):862-867. doi: 10.1126/science.adi2997. Epub 2023 Aug 24.
On a flat map of the Earth, continents are inevitably distorted. Reciprocally, curving a plate simultaneously in two directions requires a modification of in-plane distances, as Gauss stated in his seminal theorem. Although emerging architectured materials with programmed in-plane distortions are capable of such shape morphing, an additional control of local bending is required to precisely set the final shape of the resulting three-dimensional surface. Inspired by bulliform cells in leaves of monocotyledon plants, we show how the internal structure of flat panels can be designed to program bending and in-plane distortions simultaneously when pressurized, leading to a targeted shell shape. These surfaces with controlled stiffness and fast actuation are manufactured using consumer-grade materials and open a route to large-scale shape-morphing robotics applications.
在地球的平面地图上，各大洲不可避免地会被扭曲。相反，正如高斯在其开创性定理中所指出的，在两个方向上同时使平板弯曲需要对平面内距离进行修正。尽管具有可编程平面内变形的新兴结构化材料能够实现这种形状变形，但还需要额外控制局部弯曲，以精确设定所得三维表面的最终形状。受单子叶植物叶片中的泡状细胞启发，我们展示了如何设计平板的内部结构，使其在受压时同时实现弯曲和平面内变形的编程，从而形成目标壳体形状。这些具有可控刚度和快速驱动能力的表面是使用消费级材料制造的，为大规模形状变形机器人应用开辟了一条道路。
