Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico.
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for the Sustainable Manufacturing, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Nov 1;345:118774. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118774. Epub 2023 Aug 22.
Wastewater disposal is a major environmental issue that pollutes water, causing eutrophication, habitat destruction, and economic impact. In Mexico, food-processing effluents pose a huge environmental threat due to their excessive nutrient content and their large volume discharged every year. Some of the most harmful residues are tequila vinasses, nejayote, and cheese whey. Each liter of tequila generates 13-15 L of vinasses, each kilogram of cheese produces approximately 9 kg of cheese whey, and each kilogram of nixtamalized maize results in the production of 2.5-3.3 L of nejayote. A promising strategy to reduce the contamination derived from wastewater is through microalgae-based wastewater treatment. Microalgae have a high adaptability to hostile environments and they can feed on the nutrients in the effluents to grow. Moreover, to increase the viability, profitability, and value of wastewater treatments, a microalgae biorefinery could be proposed. This review will focus on the circular bioeconomy scheme focused on the simultaneous food-processing wastewater treatment and its use to grow microalgae biomass to produce added-value compounds. This strategy allows for the revalorization of wastewater, decreases contamination of water sources, and produces valuable compounds that promote human health such as phycobiliproteins, carotenoids, omega-3 fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, mycosporine-like amino acids, and as a source of clean energy: biodiesel, biogas, and bioethanol.
废水处理是一个主要的环境问题，它会污染水，导致富营养化、生境破坏和经济影响。在墨西哥，食品加工废水由于其过高的营养含量和每年大量排放，对环境构成了巨大威胁。一些最有害的残留物是龙舌兰酒酒糟、玉米黑粉病和奶酪乳清。每升龙舌兰酒产生 13-15 升酒糟，每公斤奶酪产生约 9 公斤奶酪乳清，每公斤玉米糁产生 2.5-3.3 升玉米黑粉病。一种有前途的减少废水污染的策略是基于微藻的废水处理。微藻对恶劣环境有很高的适应性，它们可以利用废水中的营养物质生长。此外，为了提高废水处理的可行性、盈利性和价值，可以提出微藻生物炼制厂的概念。本综述将重点介绍以循环生物经济为重点的方案，该方案专注于同时处理食品加工废水，并利用其生长微藻生物质来生产附加值化合物。这种策略可以实现废水的再利用，减少水源污染，并生产有益于人类健康的有价值的化合物，如藻胆蛋白、类胡萝卜素、ω-3 脂肪酸、胞外多糖、菌醇氨基酸，以及作为清洁能源的来源：生物柴油、沼气和生物乙醇。
