Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Oct 27;195(11):1384. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-12031-w.
This review aims to perform an updated bibliographical survey on the cultivation of microalgae in domestic wastewater with a focus on biotechnological aspects. It was verified that the largest number of researches developed was about cultures in microalgae-bacteria consortium and mixed cultures of microalgae, followed by researches referring to the species Chlorella vulgaris and to the family Scenedesmaceae. According to published studies, these microorganisms are efficient in the biological treatment of domestic wastewater, as well as in the production of high value-added biomass, as they are capable of biosorbing the organic and inorganic compounds present in the culture medium, thus generating cells with high levels of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These compounds are of great importance for different industry sectors, such as pharmaceuticals, food, and also for agriculture and aquaculture. In addition, biomolecules produced by microalgae can be extracted for several biotechnological applications; however, most studies focus on the production of biofuels, with biodiesel being the main one. There are also other emerging applications that still require more in-depth research, such as the use of biomass as a biofertilizer and biostimulant in the production of bioplastic. Therefore, it is concluded that the cultivation of microalgae in domestic wastewater is a sustainable way to promote effluent bioremediation and produce valuable biomass for the biobased industry, contributing to the development of technology for the green economy.
本次综述旨在对利用微藻处理生活污水进行最新的文献调查，重点关注生物技术方面。结果表明，开发的研究中，数量最多的是微藻-细菌共生体和微藻混合培养的研究，其次是关于普通小球藻和栅列藻科的研究。根据已发表的研究，这些微生物在生活污水的生物处理以及生产高附加值生物量方面非常有效，因为它们能够生物吸附培养基中的有机和无机化合物，从而产生具有高脂质、蛋白质和碳水化合物水平的细胞。这些化合物对制药、食品等不同行业以及农业和水产养殖都非常重要。此外，微藻产生的生物分子可用于多种生物技术应用的提取；然而，大多数研究都集中在生物燃料的生产上，其中生物柴油是主要的一种。还有其他一些新兴应用仍需要更深入的研究，例如利用生物质作为生物肥料和生物刺激素来生产生物塑料。因此，可以得出结论，利用微藻处理生活污水是一种可持续的方法，可以促进废水的生物修复，并为生物基产业生产有价值的生物量，为绿色经济的发展做出贡献。
