Division of Hepatology, Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; Institute of Organ Donation and Transplantation of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2024 Aug;23(4):339-343. doi: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2023.08.010. Epub 2023 Aug 12.
Solid organ transplant (SOT) activities, such as liver transplant, have been greatly influenced by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Immunosuppressed individuals of liver transplant recipients (LTRs) tend to have a high risk of COVID-19 infection and related complications. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccination has been recommended to be administered as early as possible in LTRs.
The keywords "liver transplant", "SARS-CoV-2", and "vaccine" were used to retrieve articles published in PubMed.
The antibody response following the 1st and 2nd doses of vaccination was disappointingly low, and the immune responses among LTRs remarkably improved after the 3rd or 4th dose of vaccination. Although the 3rd or 4th dose of COVID-19 vaccine increased the antibody titer, a proportion of patients remained unresponsive. Furthermore, recent studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could trigger adverse events in LTRs, including allograft rejection and liver injury.
This review provides the recently reported data on the antibody response of LTRs following various doses of vaccine, risk factors for poor serological response and adverse events after vaccination.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行极大地影响了实体器官移植（SOT）活动，如肝移植。肝移植受者（LTR）的免疫抑制个体往往有感染 COVID-19 和相关并发症的高风险。因此，建议 LTR 尽早接种 COVID-19 疫苗。
使用“肝移植”、“SARS-CoV-2”和“疫苗”等关键词在 PubMed 上检索已发表的文章。
第 1 剂和第 2 剂疫苗接种后的抗体反应令人失望地较低，而第 3 剂或第 4 剂疫苗接种后 LTR 的免疫反应显著改善。尽管第 3 剂或第 4 剂 COVID-19 疫苗增加了抗体滴度，但仍有一部分患者无反应。此外，最近的研究表明，SARS-CoV-2 疫苗可引发 LTR 的不良事件，包括移植物排斥和肝损伤。
本综述提供了最近关于 LTR 接种各种剂量疫苗后的抗体反应、血清学反应不良的风险因素和接种后不良事件的报告数据。
