Recommendations for creating a collaborative NICU environment to support teamwork and trainee education.

In a 2022 survey, a majority of neonatology program directors reported regular conflict between neonatal-perinatal fellows and frontline providers (FLPs) (i.e., neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs), neonatal physician assistants (PAs), and neonatal hospitalists). This paper reviews recommendations of a multidisciplinary workgroup for creating a more collaborative unit environment that supports teamwork and education. The self-study framework is a helpful tool to identify specific pressure points at individual institutions. Implementing clear guidelines for procedural distribution and role clarification are often critical interventions. FLPs and Pediatric Physician Trainees may benefit from conflict management coaching and communication training. At the same time, we recommend that respective leaders support a psychologically safe environment for team members to feel safe to solve problems on their own. Going forward, more work is important to optimize teamwork in the setting of anticipated staffing shortages, limitations to resident neonatology exposure, changes in training requirements, and ongoing development of the FLP role.