Singh Harpreet, Almaazmi Shaikha Y, Dutta Tanima, Keyzers Robert A, Blatch Gregory L
Department of Bioinformatics, Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, India.
Biomedical Research and Drug Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Front Mol Biosci. 2023 Aug 9;10:1158912. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1158912. eCollection 2023.
is a unicellular, intracellular protozoan parasite, and the causative agent of malaria in humans, a deadly vector borne infectious disease. A key phase of malaria pathology, is the invasion of human erythrocytes, resulting in drastic remodeling by exported parasite proteins, including molecular chaperones and co-chaperones. The survival of the parasite within the human host is mediated by heat shock protein 70s (PfHsp70s) and J domain proteins (PfJDPs), functioning as chaperones-co-chaperones partnerships. Two complexes have been shown to be important for survival and pathology of the malaria parasite: PfHsp70-x-PFE0055c (exported); and PfHsp70-2-PfSec63 (endoplasmic reticulum). Virtual screening was conducted on the drug repurposing library, the Pandemic Response Box, to identify small-molecules that could specifically disrupt these chaperone complexes. Five top ranked compounds possessing preferential binding affinity for the malarial chaperone system compared to the human system, were identified; three top PfHsp70-PfJDP binders, MBX 1641, zoliflodacin and itraconazole; and two top J domain binders, ezetimibe and a benzo-diazepinone. These compounds were validated by repeat molecular dockings and molecular dynamics simulation, resulting in all the compounds, except for MBX 1461, being confirmed to bind preferentially to the malarial chaperone system. A detailed contact analysis of the PfHsp70-PfJDP binders identified two different types of modulators, those that potentially inhibit complex formation (MBX 1461), and those that potentially stabilize the complex (zoliflodacin and itraconazole). These data suggested that zoliflodacin and itraconazole are potential novel modulators specific to the malarial system. A detailed contact analysis of the J domain binders (ezetimibe and the benzo-diazepinone), revealed that they bound with not only greater affinity but also a better pose to the malarial J domain compared to that of the human system. These data suggested that ezetimibe and the benzo-diazepinone are potential specific inhibitors of the malarial chaperone system. Both itraconazole and ezetimibe are FDA-approved drugs, possess anti-malarial activity and have recently been repurposed for the treatment of cancer. This is the first time that such drug-like compounds have been identified as potential modulators of PfHsp70-PfJDP complexes, and they represent novel candidates for validation and development into anti-malarial drugs.
是一种单细胞、细胞内原生动物寄生虫,也是人类疟疾的病原体,疟疾是一种致命的媒介传播传染病。疟疾病理学的一个关键阶段是其入侵人类红细胞,导致包括分子伴侣和共伴侣在内的寄生虫输出蛋白对红细胞进行剧烈重塑。疟原虫在人类宿主中的存活由热休克蛋白70(PfHsp70s)和J结构域蛋白(PfJDPs)介导,它们以伴侣 - 共伴侣的形式发挥作用。已证明两种复合物对疟原虫的存活和病理学很重要:PfHsp70 - x - PFE0055c(输出型);以及PfHsp70 - 2 - PfSec63(内质网型)。对药物重新利用文库“大流行应对箱”进行了虚拟筛选,以鉴定能够特异性破坏这些伴侣复合物的小分子。鉴定出了五种与人类系统相比对疟疾伴侣系统具有优先结合亲和力的顶级化合物;三种顶级PfHsp70 - PfJDP结合剂,即MBX 1641、佐利氟达辛和伊曲康唑;以及两种顶级J结构域结合剂,依泽替米贝和一种苯并二氮杂䓬酮。通过重复分子对接和分子动力学模拟对这些化合物进行了验证,结果除MBX 1461外,所有化合物均被证实优先结合疟疾伴侣系统。对PfHsp70 - PfJDP结合剂的详细接触分析确定了两种不同类型的调节剂,一种可能抑制复合物形成(MBX 1461),另一种可能稳定复合物(佐利氟达辛和伊曲康唑)。这些数据表明佐利氟达辛和伊曲康唑是针对疟疾系统的潜在新型调节剂。对J结构域结合剂(依泽替米贝和苯并二氮杂䓬酮)的详细接触分析表明,与人类系统相比,它们不仅以更高的亲和力结合,而且与疟疾J结构域的结合构象更好。这些数据表明依泽替米贝和苯并二氮杂䓬酮是疟疾伴侣系统的潜在特异性抑制剂。伊曲康唑和依泽替米贝都是美国食品药品监督管理局批准的药物,具有抗疟活性,最近已被重新用于治疗癌症。这是首次鉴定出此类类药物化合物作为PfHsp70 - PfJDP复合物的潜在调节剂,它们代表了用于验证和开发抗疟药物的新型候选物。