Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan.
Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carlina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2023;23(27):2552-2589. doi: 10.2174/1568026623666230825094341.
Vaccines are instrumental tools to fight against novel and re-emerging pathogens and curb pandemics. Vaccination has been an integral part of the multifaceted public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Diverse vaccine platforms have been designed and are currently at different stages of development. Some vaccines are still in early biological testing, while others have been launched after being approved by regulatory agencies worldwide. Genomic vaccines that deliver parts of the viral DNA or RNA to host cells have gained popularity recently due to their high efficiency and fast manufacture. Furthermore, recent clinical studies encouraged the use of different vaccine platforms within the primary vaccination course to enhance the efficacy of vaccination. Herein, we discuss COVID-19 genomic vaccines, which deliver viral genetic material to host cells through diverse biotechnology platforms, including viral vector vaccines, messenger RNA nucleic acid vaccines, and DNA nucleic acid vaccines. We compare and contrast vaccine characteristics, composition, and pros and cons among different genomic vaccine platforms as well as non-genomic vaccines. This review summarizes all current knowledge about COVID-19 genomic vaccines, which could be highly valuable to researchers interested in public health and vaccine development.
疫苗是对抗新型和重现病原体以及遏制大流行的重要工具。接种疫苗是应对 COVID-19 大流行的多方面公共卫生措施的重要组成部分。已经设计了多种疫苗平台，目前处于不同的开发阶段。一些疫苗仍处于早期的生物学测试阶段，而另一些则在获得全球监管机构的批准后已经推出。由于其高效和快速制造，最近递送部分病毒 DNA 或 RNA 到宿主细胞的基因组疫苗越来越受欢迎。此外，最近的临床研究鼓励在初级疫苗接种过程中使用不同的疫苗平台来提高疫苗接种的效果。本文讨论了 COVID-19 基因组疫苗，它们通过多种生物技术平台将病毒遗传物质递送到宿主细胞，包括病毒载体疫苗、信使 RNA 核酸疫苗和 DNA 核酸疫苗。我们比较和对比了不同基因组疫苗平台以及非基因组疫苗的疫苗特性、组成和优缺点。本综述总结了关于 COVID-19 基因组疫苗的所有现有知识，对于关注公共卫生和疫苗开发的研究人员来说可能具有很高的价值。
