Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Curr Pharm Des. 2023;29(40):3172-3186. doi: 10.2174/1381612829666230825100859.
Hydrogels are a three-dimensional (3D) network of hydrophilic polymers. The physical and chemical crosslinking of polymeric chains maintains the structure of the hydrogels even when they are swollen in water. They can be modified with thiol by thiol epoxy, thiol-ene, thiol-disulfide, or thiol-one reactions. Their application as a matrix for protein and drug delivery, cellular immobilization, regenerative medicine, and scaffolds for tissue engineering was initiated in the early 21st century. This review focuses on the ingredients, classification techniques, and applications of hydrogels, types of thiolation by different thiol-reducing agents, along with their mechanisms. In this study, different applications for polymers used in thiolated hydrogels, including dextran, gelatin, polyethylene glycol (PEG), cyclodextrins, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, poloxamer, polygalacturonic acid, pectin, carrageenan gum, arabinoxylan, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), gellan gum, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are reviewed.
水凝胶是一种三维（3D）亲水聚合物网络。聚合物链的物理和化学交联即使在水合时也能保持水凝胶的结构。它们可以通过硫醇-环氧、硫醇-烯、硫醇-二硫键或硫醇-酮反应进行修饰。它们作为蛋白质和药物输送、细胞固定、再生医学以及组织工程支架的基质的应用始于 21 世纪初。这篇综述重点介绍了水凝胶的成分、分类技术和应用，不同硫醇还原剂的硫醇化类型，以及它们的机制。在这项研究中，综述了用于硫醇化水凝胶的聚合物的不同应用，包括葡聚糖、明胶、聚乙二醇（PEG）、环糊精、壳聚糖、透明质酸、海藻酸盐、泊洛沙姆、半乳糖醛酸、果胶、卡拉胶、阿拉伯木聚糖、羧甲基纤维素（CMC）、结冷胶和聚乙烯醇（PVA）。
