Kimani Clare Njoki, Reuter Helmuth, Kotzé Sanet Henriët, Muller Christo John Fredrick
Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2023 Jul 26;45(8):6216-6245. doi: 10.3390/cimb45080392.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, increased cell death and loss of beta-cell mass despite chronic treatment. Consequently, there has been growing interest in developing beta cell-centered therapies. Beta-cell regeneration is mediated by augmented beta-cell proliferation, transdifferentiation of other islet cell types to functional beta-like cells or the reprograming of beta-cell progenitors into fully differentiated beta cells. This mediation is orchestrated by beta-cell differentiation transcription factors and the regulation of the cell cycle machinery. This review investigates the beta-cell regenerative potential of antidiabetic plant extracts and phytochemicals. Various preclinical studies, including in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies, are highlighted. Further, the potential regenerative mechanisms and the intra and extracellular mediators that are of significance are discussed. Also, the potential of phytochemicals to translate into regenerative therapies for T2D patients is highlighted, and some suggestions regarding future perspectives are made.
2型糖尿病（T2D）的特征是胰腺β细胞功能障碍、细胞死亡增加以及尽管进行了长期治疗但β细胞数量仍减少。因此，人们对开发以β细胞为中心的疗法的兴趣与日俱增。β细胞再生是通过增强β细胞增殖、将其他胰岛细胞类型转分化为功能性β样细胞或使β细胞祖细胞重编程为完全分化的β细胞来介导的。这种介导是由β细胞分化转录因子和细胞周期机制的调节来精心安排的。本综述研究了抗糖尿病植物提取物和植物化学物质的β细胞再生潜力。重点介绍了各种临床前研究，包括体外、体内和离体研究。此外，还讨论了潜在的再生机制以及重要的细胞内和细胞外介质。此外，还强调了植物化学物质转化为T2D患者再生疗法的潜力，并就未来前景提出了一些建议。
