Laboratory for Food Safety, Pesticides and Marine Biotoxins Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Paris-Est University, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Mar Drugs. 2023 Jul 29;21(8):429. doi: 10.3390/md21080429.
Over the year 2018, we assessed toxin contamination of shellfish collected on a monthly basis in Ingril Lagoon, France, a site known as a hotspot for growth. This short time-series study gave an overview of the presence and seasonal variability of pinnatoxins, pteriatoxins, portimines and kabirimine, all associated with , in shellfish. Suspect screening and targeted analysis approaches were implemented by means of liquid chromatography coupled to both low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry. We detected pinnatoxin-A and pinnatoxin-G throughout the year, with maximum levels for each one observed in June (6.7 µg/kg for pinnatoxin-A; 467.5 µg/kg for pinnatoxin-G), whereas portimine-A was detected between May and September (maximum level = 75.6 µg/kg). One of the main findings was the identification of a series of fatty acid esters of pinnatoxin-G ( = 13) although the levels detected were low. The profile was dominated by the palmitic acid conjugation of pinnatoxin-G. The other 12 fatty acid esters had not been reported in European shellfish to date. In addition, after thorough investigations, two compounds were detected, with one being probably identified as portimine-B, and the other one putatively attributed to pteriatoxins. If available, reference materials would have ensured full identification. Monitoring of these emerging toxins and their biotransformation products will contribute towards filling the data gaps pointed out in risk assessments and in particular the need for more contamination data for shellfish.
在 2018 年的一年中，我们每月评估法国英格里尔泻湖贝类中的毒素污染情况，该泻湖是一种被称为 生长热点的地方。这项短期时间序列研究概述了贝类中与 相关的 pinnatoxins、pteriatoxins、portimines 和 kabirimine 的存在和季节性变化。通过液相色谱法与低分辨率和高分辨率质谱法相结合，实施了可疑筛选和靶向分析方法。我们全年都检测到 pinnatoxin-A 和 pinnatoxin-G，每种毒素的最高水平都出现在 6 月（pinnatoxin-A 为 6.7 µg/kg；pinnatoxin-G 为 467.5 µg/kg），而 portimine-A 则在 5 月至 9 月之间检测到（最高水平= 75.6 µg/kg）。一个主要发现是鉴定了一系列 pinnatoxin-G 的脂肪酸酯（= 13），尽管检测到的水平很低。该谱主要由 pinnatoxin-G 的棕榈酸结合物主导。其他 12 种脂肪酸酯迄今尚未在欧洲贝类中报道过。此外，经过深入调查，检测到两种化合物，其中一种可能被鉴定为 portimine-B，另一种可能归因于 pteriatoxins。如果有参考物质，将确保进行全面鉴定。监测这些新兴毒素及其生物转化产物将有助于填补风险评估中指出的数据空白，特别是需要更多有关贝类污染的数据。
