Birulés Joan, Goupil Louise, Josse Jérémie, Fort Mathilde
Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, CNRS UMR 5105, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38058 Grenoble, France.
Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Université Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France.
Brain Sci. 2023 Aug 5;13(8):1167. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13081167.
Over the last few decades, developmental (psycho) linguists have demonstrated that perceiving talking faces audio-visually is important for early language acquisition. Using mostly well-controlled and screen-based laboratory approaches, this line of research has shown that paying attention to talking faces is likely to be one of the powerful strategies infants use to learn their native(s) language(s). In this review, we combine evidence from these screen-based studies with another line of research that has studied how infants learn novel words and deploy their visual attention during naturalistic play. In our view, this is an important step toward developing an integrated account of how infants effectively extract audiovisual information from talkers' faces during early language learning. We identify three factors that have been understudied so far, despite the fact that they are likely to have an important impact on how infants deploy their attention (or not) toward talking faces during social interactions: social contingency, speaker characteristics, and task- dependencies. Last, we propose ideas to address these issues in future research, with the aim of reducing the existing knowledge gap between current experimental studies and the many ways infants can and do effectively rely upon the audiovisual information extracted from talking faces in their real-life language environment.
在过去几十年里，发展（心理）语言学家已经证明，视听感知说话的面孔对于早期语言习得很重要。这条研究路线大多采用控制良好的基于屏幕的实验室方法，表明关注说话的面孔可能是婴儿学习母语的有力策略之一。在这篇综述中，我们将这些基于屏幕的研究证据与另一系列研究相结合，后者研究了婴儿如何学习新单词以及在自然游戏中如何分配视觉注意力。我们认为，这是朝着全面阐述婴儿在早期语言学习过程中如何有效地从说话者的面孔中提取视听信息迈出的重要一步。我们确定了三个迄今未得到充分研究的因素，尽管它们可能对婴儿在社交互动中如何（或是否）将注意力指向说话的面孔产生重要影响：社会偶然性、说话者特征和任务依赖性。最后，我们提出了在未来研究中解决这些问题的想法，目的是缩小当前实验研究与婴儿在现实生活语言环境中能够且确实有效地依赖从说话面孔中提取的视听信息的多种方式之间现有的知识差距。
