Gateva Svetla, Jovtchev Gabriele, Angelova Tsveta, Gerasimova Tsvetelina, Dobreva Ana, Mileva Milka
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Institute for Roses and Aromatic Plants, Agricultural Academy, 49 Osvobojdenie Blvd, 6100 Kazanlak, Bulgaria.
Life (Basel). 2023 Aug 16;13(8):1753. doi: 10.3390/life13081753.
Bulgarian Mill. is has been known since ancient times for its high-quality oil, hydrosol, and other aromatic products. Rose hydrosol has various biological activities, but no research on its anticytotoxic/antigenotoxic effects exists. This study aimed to assess its defense potential against the genotoxin N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and to test its cytotoxic/genotoxic activity in plant and human lymphocyte test systems. Endpoints for cytotoxicity (mitotic index and nuclear division index) and genotoxicity (chromosome aberration and micronuclei) were used. Hydrosol was applied as a single treatment in concentrations ranging from 3% to 20% (4 h) to assess its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Its protective potential against MNNG was tested by applying an experimental scheme involving (i) conditioning treatment with non-toxic or slightly toxic concentrations of hydrosol, followed by genotoxin challenge (50 μg/mL) with a 4 h intertreatment time and (ii) treatment with hydrosol and mutagen with no time between the treatments. Hydrosol induces low cytotoxicity and clastogenicity, demonstrating cytoprotective/genoprotective effects against the mutagen in both applied test systems. The hydrosol defense potential was expressed by a more than twofold reduction in both chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei and by enhancing the mitotic activity compared with that of the mutagen, regardless of the experimental conditions. The results are promising for further hydrosol applications in pharmaceutical and medical practice.
保加利亚千年来一直以其高品质的油、纯露和其他芳香产品而闻名。玫瑰纯露具有多种生物活性，但尚无关于其抗细胞毒性/抗遗传毒性作用的研究。本研究旨在评估其对基因毒素N-甲基-N'-硝基-N-亚硝基胍的防御潜力，并在植物和人类淋巴细胞测试系统中测试其细胞毒性/遗传毒性活性。使用了细胞毒性（有丝分裂指数和核分裂指数）和遗传毒性（染色体畸变和微核）的指标。将纯露以3%至20%的浓度单次处理（4小时），以评估其细胞毒性和遗传毒性作用。通过应用以下实验方案测试其对MNNG的保护潜力：(i) 用无毒或低毒浓度的纯露进行预处理，然后在处理间隔4小时后用基因毒素攻击（50μg/mL）；(ii) 同时用纯露和诱变剂处理，处理之间无时间间隔。纯露诱导低细胞毒性和致断裂性，在两个应用的测试系统中均显示出对诱变剂的细胞保护/基因保护作用。无论实验条件如何，与诱变剂相比，纯露的防御潜力表现为染色体畸变和微核均减少两倍以上，并增强了有丝分裂活性。这些结果为纯露在制药和医学实践中的进一步应用带来了希望。
