Racovita Radu C, Ciuca Maria D, Catana Daniela, Comanescu Cezar, Ciocirlan Oana
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu St., District 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Aug 11;13(16):2311. doi: 10.3390/nano13162311.
Microemulsions are nanocolloidal systems composed of water, an oil, and a surfactant, sometimes with an additional co-surfactant, which have found a wide range of practical applications, including the extractive removal of contaminants from polluted water. In this study, microemulsion systems, including a nonionic surfactant (Brij 30), water, and esters selected from two homologous series of C-C alkyl acetates and ethyl C-C carboxylates, respectively, were prepared by the surfactant titration method. Phase transitions leading to the formation of Winsor II and Winsor IV microemulsions were observed and phase diagrams were constructed. The dependences of phase transitions on the salinity and pH and the addition of isopropanol as a co-surfactant were also investigated. Some physical properties, namely density, refractive index, electrical conductivity, dynamic viscosity, and particle size, were measured for a selection of Winsor IV microemulsions, providing further insight into some other phase transitions occurring in the monophasic domains of phase diagrams. Finally, Winsor II microemulsions were tested as extraction solvents for the removal of four tricyclic antidepressant drugs from aqueous media. Propyl acetate/Brij 30/HO microemulsions provided the best extraction yields (>90%), the highest Nernst distribution coefficients (~40-88), and a large volumetric ratio of almost 3 between the recovered purified water and the resulting microemulsion extract. Increasing the ionic strength (salinity) or the pH of the aqueous antidepressant solutions led to an improvement in extraction efficiencies, approaching 100%. These results could be extrapolated to other classes of pharmaceutical contaminants and suggest ester- and nonionic surfactant-based microemulsions are a promising tool for environmental remediation.
微乳液是由水、油和表面活性剂组成的纳米胶体体系，有时还会添加助表面活性剂，已发现其具有广泛的实际应用，包括从污染水中萃取去除污染物。在本研究中，通过表面活性剂滴定法制备了微乳液体系，该体系包括非离子表面活性剂（Brij 30）、水以及分别选自两个C-C烷基乙酸酯和乙基C-C羧酸盐同系物系列的酯类。观察到导致形成Winsor II型和Winsor IV型微乳液的相变，并构建了相图。还研究了相变对盐度、pH值以及添加异丙醇作为助表面活性剂的依赖性。对一系列Winsor IV型微乳液测量了一些物理性质，即密度、折射率、电导率、动态粘度和粒径，从而进一步深入了解相图单相区域中发生的其他一些相变。最后，测试了Winsor II型微乳液作为萃取溶剂从水介质中去除四种三环类抗抑郁药物的效果。乙酸丙酯/Brij 30/HO微乳液提供了最佳萃取产率（>90%）、最高的能斯特分配系数（~40 - 88）以及回收的净化水与所得微乳液萃取物之间近3的大体积比。提高抗抑郁水溶液的离子强度（盐度）或pH值会导致萃取效率提高，接近100%。这些结果可以外推到其他类别的药物污染物，并表明基于酯类和非离子表面活性剂的微乳液是环境修复的一种有前途的工具。
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