通过叶面喷施生产的锌生物强化小麦对锌状况的影响：印度儿童的一项随机对照试验。

The Effect of Zinc Biofortified Wheat Produced via Foliar Application on Zinc Status: A Randomized, Controlled Trial in Indian Children.

作者信息

Signorell Coralie, Kurpad Anura V, Pauline Maria, Shenvi Swapna, Mukhopadhyay Arpita, King Janet C, Zimmermann Michael B, Moretti Diego

机构信息

Laboratory for Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.

Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2023 Oct;153(10):3092-3100. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.013. Epub 2023 Aug 25.

DOI:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.013

PMID:37633331

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Agronomic zinc biofortification of wheat by foliar application increases wheat zinc content and total zinc absorption in humans.

OBJECTIVES

To assess the effect of agronomically biofortified whole wheat flour (BFW) on plasma zinc (PZC) compared with a postharvest fortified wheat (PHFW) and unfortified control wheat (CW) when integrated in a midday school meal scheme.

METHODS

We conducted a 20-wk double-blind intervention trial in children (4-12 y, n = 273) individually randomly assigned to 3 groups to receive a daily school lunch consisting of 3 chapattis prepared with the 3 different wheat flour types. Measurements of anthropometry, blood biochemistry, and leukocyte DNA strand breaks were conducted. We applied sparse serial sampling to monitor PZC over time, and analysis was performed using linear mixed-effects models.

RESULTS

Mean zinc content in BFW, PHFW, and CW were 48.0, 45.1, and 21.2 ppm, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean (standard deviation) daily zinc intakes in the study intervention in BFW, PHFW, and CW groups were 4.4 (1.6), 5.9 (1.9) and 2.6 (0.6) mg Zn/d, respectively, with intake in groups PHFW and BFW differing from CW (P < 0.001) but no difference between BFW and PHFW. There were no time effect, group difference, or group × time interaction in PZC. Prevalence of zinc deficiency decreased in the BFW (from 14.1%-11.2%), PHFW (from 8.9%-2.3%), and CW (9.8%-8.8%) groups, but there was no time × treatment interaction in the prevalence of zinc deficiency (P = 0.191). Compliance with consuming the study school meals was associated with PZC (P = 0.006). DNA strand breaks were not significantly associated with PZC (n = 51; r = 0.004, P = 0.945).

CONCLUSIONS

Consumption of either PHFW or BFW provided an additional ∼1.8 to 3.3 mg Zn/d, but it did not affect PZC or zinc deficiency, growth, or DNA strand breaks. This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02241330 and ctri.nic.in as CTRI/2015/06/005913.

摘要

背景

通过叶面喷施对小麦进行农艺锌生物强化可提高小麦锌含量以及人体对锌的总吸收量。

目的

评估在学校午餐计划中，与收获后强化小麦（PHFW）和未强化对照小麦（CW）相比，农艺生物强化全麦粉（BFW）对血浆锌浓度（PZC）的影响。

方法

我们对273名4至12岁儿童进行了一项为期20周的双盲干预试验，这些儿童被随机分为3组，每天食用由3种不同类型小麦粉制作的3个薄饼组成的学校午餐。进行了人体测量、血液生化和白细胞DNA链断裂的检测。我们采用稀疏序列抽样来监测随时间变化的PZC，并使用线性混合效应模型进行分析。

结果

BFW、PHFW和CW中的平均锌含量分别为48.0、45.1和21.2 ppm（P < 0.001）。BFW、PHFW和CW组研究干预中的平均（标准差）每日锌摄入量分别为4.4（1.6）、5.9（1.9）和2.6（0.6）mg锌/天，PHFW组和BFW组的摄入量与CW组不同（P < 0.001），但BFW组和PHFW组之间无差异。PZC不存在时间效应、组间差异或组×时间交互作用。BFW组（从14.1%降至11.2%）、PHFW组（从8.9%降至2.3%）和CW组（从9.8%降至8.8%）锌缺乏患病率均有所下降，但锌缺乏患病率不存在时间×治疗交互作用（P = 0.191）。食用研究学校午餐的依从性与PZC相关（P = 0.006）。DNA链断裂与PZC无显著相关性（n = 51；r = 0.004，P = 0.945）。