男性锌生物强化小麦摄入量与锌状态生物标志物：随机对照试验。

Zinc-Biofortified Wheat Intake and Zinc Status Biomarkers in Men: Randomized Controlled Trial.

作者信息

Liong Erinn M, McDonald Christine M, Suh Jung, Westcott Jamie L, Wong Carmen P, Signorell Coralie, King Janet C

机构信息

Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.

Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2021 Jul 1;151(7):1817-1823. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab092.

DOI:10.1093/jn/nxab092

PMID:34036355

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Biofortification is a novel method for improving the nutritional value of grains. Wheat is widely consumed worldwide. Thus, wheat zinc biofortification may improve the zinc status of populations.

OBJECTIVES

We determined the effect of consuming zinc-biofortified wheat on plasma zinc concentrations and biomarkers of zinc-dependent functions in a controlled feeding study.

METHODS

Thirty-six healthy adult men, aged 18 to 51 y, participated in a 10-wk zinc-controlled feeding trial. After a 2-wk run-in period [metabolic period (MP) 1] (9.3 mg zinc/d and 2.1 g total phytate/d) to standardize zinc status, the participants consumed bread made from zinc-biofortified wheat (10.9 mg zinc/d) with no additional phytate (0.6 g/d total phytate) for 6 wk (MP2). During the final 2 wk (MP3), half of the men took a 25-mg zinc supplement daily to determine if the supplement further altered zinc status biomarkers. Repeated-measures linear regression methods were used to compare plasma zinc concentrations, fatty acid desaturase (FADS) activities, glutathione (GSH) concentrations, and DNA strand breaks assessed at enrollment and the end of each metabolic period.

RESULTS

Plasma zinc concentrations did not change throughout the study. From the end of MP1 to the end of MP2, the conversion of linoleic acid to γ-linolenic acid (FADS2 activity) increased from 0.020 to 0.025 (P = 0.02), and the conversion of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid to arachidonic acid (FADS1 activity) decreased from 6.37 to 5.53 (P = 0.01). GSH concentrations and DNA strand breaks did not change. Zinc supplementation (25 mg/d) in MP3 did not alter any of the endpoints.

CONCLUSIONS

In healthy adult men, a 1.6-mg/d increase in dietary zinc from biofortified wheat modified FADS2 and FADS1 activities without changing DNA damage, plasma zinc, or GSH concentrations, demonstrating that FADS activities are more sensitive to small changes in zinc consumed with a meal. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03451214.

摘要

背景

生物强化是一种提高谷物营养价值的新方法。小麦在全球范围内广泛食用。因此，小麦锌生物强化可能改善人群的锌营养状况。

目的

在一项对照喂养研究中，我们确定了食用锌生物强化小麦对血浆锌浓度和锌依赖性功能生物标志物的影响。

方法

36名年龄在18至51岁的健康成年男性参与了一项为期10周的锌对照喂养试验。在经过2周的导入期[代谢期（MP）1]（锌摄入量9.3毫克/天，总植酸摄入量2.1克/天）以使锌状态标准化后，参与者食用由锌生物强化小麦制成的面包（锌摄入量10.9毫克/天），且无额外植酸（总植酸摄入量0.6克/天），持续6周（MP2）。在最后2周（MP3），一半男性每天服用25毫克锌补充剂，以确定该补充剂是否会进一步改变锌状态生物标志物。采用重复测量线性回归方法比较在入组时以及每个代谢期结束时评估的血浆锌浓度、脂肪酸去饱和酶（FADS）活性、谷胱甘肽（GSH）浓度和DNA链断裂情况。

结果

在整个研究过程中，血浆锌浓度没有变化。从MP1结束到MP2结束，亚油酸向γ-亚麻酸的转化（FADS2活性）从0.020增加到0.025（P = 0.02），二高-γ-亚麻酸向花生四烯酸的转化（FADS1活性）从6.37下降到5.53（P = 0.01）。GSH浓度和DNA链断裂情况没有变化。MP3中补充锌（25毫克/天）并未改变任何终点指标。