Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) in Political and Social Science, Researcher and Lecture Teacher at the DemoSoc Research Group, Spain.
Soc Sci Med. 2023 Oct;334:116175. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116175. Epub 2023 Aug 22.
Colombia experienced a prolonged armed conflict that affected differently regions and periods. We explored how this regional violence influenced the well-being of newborns, using data from the National Centre of Historic Memory (NCHM) and the Vital Statistics Survey. The NCHM recorded the number of victims, while the Vital Statistics Survey reported data on births, stillbirths, and early losses.
We aimed to assess the impact of regional violence on newborns' well-being and to examine whether mothers' university education mitigated these effects. We focused on comparing two periods: 1998-2002 and 2003-2007, and two group of regions which differed in the intensity and distribution of violence.
We applied a difference-in-differences approach and logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds of stillbirths and miscarriages in regions exposed to violence during the treated regions. We also estimated the interaction effect between treated groups and mothers' university education.
We found a significant association between living in the most violent regions and having a higher risk of stillbirths, miscarriages, or early losses (OR: 1.721). Women living in less affected regions had a higher probability of giving birth to live babies and preserving the dyad. However, we observed a negative modifier effect of violence on the likelihood of live births for mothers with university education (OR:1.273).
We observed that the effect modification points to a higher impact of stress on mothers with university education in violent regions and periods compared to those without higher education. These findings unveil the concealed impact of regional violence, which diminishes the protective influence of maternal education, regardless of the level attained.
The scarcity of empirical evidence regarding the causa through which violence modify the shield effect of university education in most affected areas.
When women are able to complete their university education before giving birth, they are better able to have healthier pregnancies and therefore achieve higher levels of well-being for their newborns.
Pregnant women with university education are likely to be experiencing higher levels of stress compared to those mother with no university education within the most violent regions and periods embedded in armed conflict environments/contexts.
哥伦比亚经历了一场旷日持久的武装冲突，这场冲突影响了不同的地区和时期。我们利用国家历史记忆中心（NCHM）和人口动态统计调查的数据，探讨了这种区域性暴力如何影响新生儿的健康。NCHM 记录了受害者的数量，而人口动态统计调查则报告了出生、死产和早期死亡的数据。
我们旨在评估区域暴力对新生儿健康的影响，并研究母亲的大学教育是否减轻了这些影响。我们专注于比较两个时期：1998-2002 年和 2003-2007 年，以及两个在暴力强度和分布上存在差异的地区组。
我们应用差分差异法和逻辑回归分析来估计在受影响地区暴露于暴力的地区发生死产和流产的几率。我们还估计了治疗组与母亲大学教育之间的交互效应。
我们发现，生活在最暴力地区与死产、流产或早期损失的风险增加之间存在显著关联（OR：1.721）。生活在受影响较小地区的妇女更有可能生下活婴并保持母婴双全。然而，我们观察到暴力对有大学教育的母亲生育活婴的可能性有负向修饰效应（OR：1.273）。
我们发现，这种效应修饰表明，与没有高等教育的母亲相比，在暴力地区和时期，大学教育对母亲的压力影响更大。这些发现揭示了区域暴力的隐蔽影响，这种影响削弱了母亲教育的保护作用，而不论教育程度如何。
关于暴力通过何种机制改变大学教育在受影响最严重地区的盾牌效应的经验证据稀缺。
当女性能够在生育前完成大学教育时，她们就能更好地度过健康的孕期，从而为新生儿带来更高水平的健康。
在武装冲突环境/背景下的最暴力地区和时期，与没有大学教育的母亲相比，有大学教育的孕妇可能会经历更高水平的压力。
