Amidfar Meysam, Askari Gholamreza, Kim Yong-Ku
Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2024 Jan 10;128:110848. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110848. Epub 2023 Aug 25.
The discovery of new biomarkers that can distinguish Alzheimer's disease (AD) from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the early stages will help to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and slow the transition from MCI to AD. Patients with AD may present with a concomitant metabolic disorder, such as diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia, as a risk factor for AD that may be involved in the onset of both AD pathology and cognitive impairment. Therefore, metabolite profiling, or metabolomics, can be very useful in diagnosing AD, developing new therapeutic targets, and evaluating both the course of treatment and the clinical course of the disease. In addition, studying the relationship between nutritional behavior and AD requires investigation of the role of conditions such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and elevated glucose level. Based on this literature review, nutritional recommendations, including weight loss by reducing calorie and cholesterol intake and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can prevent cognitive decline and dementia in the elderly. The underlying metabolic causes of the pathology and cognitive decline caused by AD and MCI are not well understood. In this review article, metabolomics biomarkers for diagnosis of AD and MCI and metabolic risk factors for cognitive decline in AD were evaluated.
发现能够在早期阶段将阿尔茨海默病（AD）与轻度认知障碍（MCI）区分开来的新生物标志物，将有助于提供新的诊断和治疗策略，并减缓从MCI向AD的转变。AD患者可能伴有代谢紊乱，如糖尿病、肥胖和血脂异常，这些作为AD的危险因素，可能参与AD病理和认知障碍的发病过程。因此，代谢物谱分析或代谢组学在诊断AD、开发新的治疗靶点以及评估治疗过程和疾病临床进程方面可能非常有用。此外，研究营养行为与AD之间的关系需要调查肥胖、高血压、血脂异常和血糖升高等情况所起的作用。基于这篇文献综述，包括通过减少热量和胆固醇摄入来减肥以及补充ω-3脂肪酸在内的营养建议，可以预防老年人的认知衰退和痴呆。AD和MCI所导致的病理和认知衰退的潜在代谢原因尚未完全明确。在这篇综述文章中，对用于诊断AD和MCI的代谢组学生物标志物以及AD中认知衰退的代谢危险因素进行了评估。
