Merkin Alexander, Nikolaev Artem, Nikoforov Igor, Komarov Alexander, Glover Marewa
Academy for Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia.
Medical Company "Lab of the Future", Moscow, Russia.
Glob Epidemiol. 2020 Dec 31;3:100043. doi: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100043. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Tobacco smoking is one of the main preventable causes of illness and premature death. Globally, more than 7 million people die annually from diseases associated with smoking, and this number is projected to increase to 8 million per year by 2030. Wide disparities in smoking prevalence exist by gender, age, socioeconomic status, rurality and ethnicity. In several countries, smoking is disproportionately high among the Indigenous populations.
This review assesses the prevalence and harm of smoking and current trends in smoking cessation among the diverse multi-ethnic populations of Russia, with a particular emphasis on Indigenous populations.
We systematically searched health, nursing, social science and grey literature databases and bibliographies for relevant studies. Search strings combined keywords related to smoking prevalence and smoking cessation with keywords related to Russia and the Indigenous populations of Russia.
Studies were included if they were published between 1 January 2005 and 14 October 2020, and if they reported prevalence of tobacco smoking and/or activities and outcomes of a smoking cessation programme or ban in the Russian Federation.
Tobacco smoking is significant in the entire Russian population, a higher prevalence of smoking in Indigenous populations compared to the dominant Russian (Slavic) ethnic group is common. Smoking prevalence data for most of the Indigenous ethnic groups of Russia remains unclear. Tobacco control interventions for Indigenous groups are underdeveloped even though they have the potential to deliver proportionately greater reduction in smoking harm.
吸烟是疾病和过早死亡的主要可预防原因之一。在全球范围内，每年有超过700万人死于与吸烟相关的疾病，预计到2030年这一数字将增至每年800万。吸烟率在性别、年龄、社会经济地位、城乡和种族方面存在巨大差异。在一些国家，原住民中的吸烟率过高。
本综述评估了俄罗斯不同多民族人群中的吸烟率、吸烟危害及当前戒烟趋势，特别关注原住民群体。
我们系统地检索了健康、护理、社会科学和灰色文献数据库及参考文献，以查找相关研究。检索词将与吸烟率和戒烟相关的关键词与与俄罗斯及俄罗斯原住民相关的关键词相结合。
纳入2005年1月1日至2020年10月14日期间发表的、报告了俄罗斯联邦吸烟率和/或戒烟计划或禁令的活动及结果的研究。
吸烟在整个俄罗斯人口中较为严重，与占主导地位的俄罗斯（斯拉夫）族群相比，原住民中的吸烟率普遍较高。俄罗斯大多数原住民群体的吸烟率数据仍不明确。针对原住民群体的烟草控制干预措施尚不完善，尽管这些措施有可能在更大程度上减少吸烟危害。
