Padilla-González Guillermo Federico, Rosselli Abigail, Sadgrove Nicholas J, Cui Max, Simmonds Monique S J
Enhanced Partnerships Department Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg (Auckland Park Campus), Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Aug 10;14:1114398. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1114398. eCollection 2023.
Hemp ( L.) is a widely researched industrial crop with a variety of applications in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, food, cosmetic, textile, and materials industries. Although many of these applications are related to its chemical composition, the chemical diversity of the hemp metabolome has not been explored in detail and new metabolites with unknown properties are likely to be discovered. In the current study, we explored the chemical diversity of the hemp seed metabolome through an untargeted metabolomic study of 52 germplasm accessions to 1) identify new metabolites and 2) link the presence of biologically important molecules to specific accessions on which to focus on in future studies. Multivariate analysis of mass spectral data demonstrated large variability of the polar chemistry profile between accessions. Five main groups were annotated based on their similar metabolic fingerprints. The investigation also led to the discovery of a new compound and four structural analogues, belonging to a previously unknown chemical class in hemp seeds: cinnamic acid glycosyl sulphates. Although variability in the fatty acid profiles was not as marked as the polar components, some accessions had a higher yield of fatty acids, and variation in the ratio of linoleic acid to α-linolenic acid was also observed, with some varieties closer to 3:1 (reported as optimal for human nutrition). We found that that cinnamic acid amides and lignanamides, the main chemical classes of bioactive metabolites in hemp seed, were more concentrated in the Spanish accession Kongo Hanf (CAN58) and the French accession CAN37, while the Italian cultivar Eletta Campana (CAN48) demonstrated the greatest yield of fatty acids. Our results indicate that the high variability of bioactive and novel metabolites across the studied hemp seed accessions may influence claims associated with their commercialization and inform breeding programs in cultivar development.
大麻（Cannabis L.）是一种得到广泛研究的经济作物，在制药、营养保健品、食品、化妆品、纺织和材料工业中有多种用途。尽管其中许多用途与其化学成分有关，但大麻代谢组的化学多样性尚未得到详细研究，很可能会发现具有未知特性的新代谢物。在本研究中，我们通过对52份种质材料进行非靶向代谢组学研究，探索了大麻种子代谢组的化学多样性，以1）鉴定新的代谢物，以及2）将具有生物学重要性的分子的存在与特定种质材料联系起来，以便在未来研究中重点关注。对质谱数据的多变量分析表明，不同种质材料之间的极性化学图谱存在很大差异。根据相似的代谢指纹图谱注释了五个主要类别。该研究还发现了一种新化合物及其四种结构类似物，它们属于大麻种子中一个以前未知的化学类别：肉桂酸糖基硫酸盐。尽管脂肪酸谱的变化不如极性成分明显，但一些种质材料的脂肪酸产量较高，并且还观察到亚油酸与α-亚麻酸比例的变化，一些品种更接近3:1（据报道这对人类营养是最佳的）。我们发现，大麻种子中生物活性代谢物的主要化学类别肉桂酸酰胺和木脂素酰胺，在西班牙种质Kongo Hanf（CAN58）和法国种质CAN37中更为集中，而意大利品种Eletta Campana（CAN48）的脂肪酸产量最高。我们的结果表明，在所研究的大麻种子种质材料中，生物活性和新代谢物的高度变异性可能会影响与其商业化相关的宣称，并为品种开发中的育种计划提供信息。
