Zdaniewicz Marek, Duliński Robert, Lakatošová Jana, Gołaszewski Janusz, Żuk-Gołaszewska Krystyna
Department of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
Department of Biotechnology and General Food Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
Molecules. 2025 Aug 4;30(15):3261. doi: 10.3390/molecules30153261.
The incorporation of Cannabis sativa L. seeds into barley wort was investigated to enhance the functional profile of beer. Hemp seeds (cv. Henola) were malted via controlled steeping, germination, and kilning, then added to barley malt at 10% and 30% (/) in both malted and unmalted forms. Standard congress mashing produced worts whose physicochemical parameters (pH, extract, colour, turbidity, filtration and saccharification times) were assessed, alongside profiles of fermentable sugars, polyphenols, B-group vitamins, and cannabinoids. Addition of hemp seeds reduced extract yield without impairing saccharification or filtration and slightly elevated mash pH and turbidity. Maltose and glucose levels declined significantly at higher hemp dosages, whereas sucrose remained stable. Wort enriched with 30% unmalted seeds exhibited the highest levels of trans-ferulic (20.61 µg/g), gallic (5.66 µg/g), trans--coumaric (3.68 µg/g), quercetin (6.07 µg/g), and trans-cinnamic (4.07 µg/g) acids. Malted hemp addition enhanced thiamine (up to 0.302 mg/mL) and riboflavin (up to 178.8 µg/mL) concentrations. Cannabinoids (THCA-A, THCV, CBDV, CBG, CBN) were successfully extracted at µg/mL levels, with the total cannabinoid content peaking at 14.59 µg/mL in the 30% malted treatment. These findings demonstrate that hemp seeds, particularly in malted form, can enrich barley wort with bioactive polyphenols, vitamins, and non-psychoactive cannabinoids under standard mashing conditions, without compromising key brewing performance metrics. Further work on fermentation, sensory evaluation, stability, and bioavailability is warranted to realise hemp-enriched functional beers.
研究了将大麻籽掺入大麦麦芽汁中以增强啤酒的功能特性。大麻籽(品种Henola)通过控制浸泡、发芽和烘焙进行麦芽化处理,然后以麦芽化和未麦芽化形式分别按10%和30%(/)的比例添加到大麦芽中。采用标准的糖化法制备麦芽汁,评估其理化参数(pH值、浸出物、颜色、浊度、过滤时间和糖化时间),以及可发酵糖、多酚、B族维生素和大麻素的含量。添加大麻籽会降低浸出物产量,但不影响糖化或过滤过程,且会使糖化醪的pH值和浊度略有升高。在大麻籽用量较高时,麦芽糖和葡萄糖水平显著下降,而蔗糖保持稳定。富含30%未麦芽化种子的麦芽汁中反式阿魏酸(20.61 µg/g)、没食子酸(5.66 µg/g)、反式对香豆酸(3.68 µg/g)、槲皮素(6.07 µg/g)和反式肉桂酸(4.07 µg/g)的含量最高。添加麦芽化大麻籽可提高硫胺素(最高可达0.302 mg/mL)和核黄素(最高可达178.8 µg/mL)的浓度。大麻素(THCA-A、THCV、CBDV、CBG、CBN)成功提取至微克/毫升水平,在30%麦芽化处理中,总大麻素含量峰值为14.59 µg/mL。这些研究结果表明,在标准糖化条件下,大麻籽,特别是麦芽化形式的大麻籽,可使大麦麦芽汁富含生物活性多酚、维生素和非精神活性大麻素,同时不影响关键的酿造性能指标。有必要进一步开展关于发酵、感官评价、稳定性和生物利用度的研究,以实现富含大麻的功能性啤酒。
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