Guney Ceren, Bal Nur Banu, Akar Fatma
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
Heliyon. 2023 Aug 9;9(8):e18896. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18896. eCollection 2023 Aug.
The excessive intake of fructose in the regular human diet could be related to global increases in metabolic disorders. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks, mostly consumed by children, adolescents, and young adults, are the main source of added fructose. Dietary high-fructose can increase intestinal permeability and circulatory endotoxin by changing the gut barrier function and microbial composition. Excess fructose transports to the liver and then triggers inflammation as well as lipogenesis leading to hepatic steatosis. Fructose also induces fat deposition in adipose tissue by stimulating the expression of lipogenic genes, thus causing abdominal adiposity. Activation of the inflammatory pathway by fructose in target tissues is thought to contribute to the suppression of the insulin signaling pathway producing systemic insulin resistance. Moreover, there is some evidence that high intake of fructose negatively affects both male and female reproductive systems and may lead to infertility. This review addresses dietary high-fructose-induced deteriorations that are obvious, especially in gut permeability, microbiota, abdominal fat accumulation, insulin signaling, and reproductive function. The recognition of the detrimental effects of fructose and the development of relevant new public health policies are necessary in order to prevent diet-related metabolic disorders.
在人类日常饮食中，过量摄入果糖可能与全球代谢紊乱的增加有关。含糖软饮料主要由儿童、青少年和年轻人饮用，是添加果糖的主要来源。高果糖饮食可通过改变肠道屏障功能和微生物组成，增加肠道通透性和循环内毒素。过量的果糖转运到肝脏，然后引发炎症以及脂肪生成，导致肝脂肪变性。果糖还通过刺激脂肪生成基因的表达诱导脂肪组织中的脂肪沉积，从而导致腹部肥胖。果糖在靶组织中激活炎症途径被认为有助于抑制胰岛素信号通路，产生全身性胰岛素抵抗。此外，有证据表明，高果糖摄入对男性和女性生殖系统均有负面影响，并可能导致不孕。本综述阐述了高果糖饮食引起的明显恶化情况，尤其是在肠道通透性、微生物群、腹部脂肪堆积、胰岛素信号传导和生殖功能方面。认识到果糖的有害影响并制定相关新的公共卫生政策对于预防与饮食相关的代谢紊乱是必要的。
