Sharma Kalpana, Goswami Abhilasha
Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam 781032 India.
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023 Sep;75(3):2006-2016. doi: 10.1007/s12070-023-03779-1. Epub 2023 Apr 24.
Malignancies in children are different from those found in adults and are a significant cause of childhood mortality.They have varied clinical presentation depending on site and type of disease.It is essential to recognize the early signs and symptoms of malignancies in childhood, especially those involving head and neck region, so as to reduce childhood mortality and morbidity.
A total of 2384 children were admitted over a period of 7 years. Out of these, 1004 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were chosen for further evaluation.They were thoroughly evaluated by undertaking a detailed history and clinical examination.Whenever required, additional investigations were performed.After carrying out the necessary investigations, the cases were accordingly managed. Data was evaluated using proper statistical tools.
Out of 1004 cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 42 turned out to be malignant, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.2. Malignancies in children were more common in the age group of 11-18 years, followed by 1-5 years,6-10 years and 0-1 years,with rates of 59.5%, 21.4%, 16.7% and 2.4% respectively. A wide variety of tumour types were recorded,e.g.,Hodgkin's lymphoma,non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,acute leukemia,papillary carcinoma thyroid, nasopharyngeal carcinoma,Langerhans cell histiocytosis,rhabdomyosarcoma, olfactory neuroblastoma and salivary gland neoplasm.
Incidence of head and neck tumors in pediatric age group was found to be 1.76% with lymphoma being the most frequent.Commonest age of presentation was above 10 years. There was an overall female predominance with a male:female ratio of 1:1.2. Awareness of a potential malignancy and careful follow-up of children with suspicious head and neck cancers is mandatory for early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
儿童恶性肿瘤与成人不同，是儿童死亡的重要原因。其临床表现因疾病部位和类型而异。认识儿童恶性肿瘤的早期体征和症状至关重要，尤其是涉及头颈部区域的肿瘤，以降低儿童死亡率和发病率。
在7年期间共收治了2384名儿童。其中，1004名符合纳入标准并被选作进一步评估。通过详细询问病史和进行临床检查对他们进行了全面评估。必要时进行了额外检查。进行必要检查后，对病例进行了相应处理。使用适当的统计工具对数据进行了评估。
在1004例符合纳入标准的病例中，42例为恶性肿瘤，男女比例为1:1.2。儿童恶性肿瘤在11 - 18岁年龄组更为常见，其次是1 - 5岁、6 - 10岁和0 - 1岁年龄组，发生率分别为59.5%、21.4%、16.7%和2.4%。记录了多种肿瘤类型，如霍奇金淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、急性白血病、甲状腺乳头状癌、鼻咽癌、朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增多症、横纹肌肉瘤、嗅神经母细胞瘤和涎腺肿瘤。
发现小儿年龄组头颈部肿瘤的发生率为1.76%，淋巴瘤最为常见。最常见的发病年龄在10岁以上。总体上女性占优势，男女比例为1:1.2。认识到潜在的恶性肿瘤并对可疑头颈部癌症儿童进行仔细随访对于早期诊断和及时治疗至关重要。
