Thorsdottir Inga, Thorisdottir Birna, Ramel Alfons, Halldorsson Thorhallur
Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, Health Science Institute, Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland.
Laeknabladid. 2023 Sep;109(9):395-399. doi: 10.17992/lbl.2023.09.757.
Evaluation of research as basis for recommendations about lifestyle is discussed and especially recommendations about nutrition. Nordic recommendations on nutrients and diet with emphasis on sustainability are published 2023. Randomized trials, the strongest background for evidence based knowledge, are sometimes not possible to use when studying the influence of lifestyle on health. A tool applied in the Nordic recommendations 2023 evaluates the strength of relation between exposures (nutrients and food groups) and outcomes (health and environment), where research methods are observed and an organized quality control applied. The Interngovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates the share of food systems in global anthropogenic GHG emissions is 31% (23%-42%). Nations now work on cutting GHG emissions from food systems by strengthening food based dietary guidelines and including sustainability, which benefits both health and environment. The recommendations about nutrients 2023 use harmonized methods and new data on body size in the Nordics. The food based dietary guidelines 2023 meet people's requirements for nutrients and are healthy for the environment. Physicians and other health professions will have the possibility to stimulate people´s interest to adhere to the recommendations about nutrition and diet built on a stronger and broader basis than before.
本文讨论了以研究为基础对生活方式提出建议，特别是关于营养方面的建议。北欧于2023年发布了关于营养素和饮食的建议，重点强调可持续性。随机试验是循证知识的最强背景依据，但在研究生活方式对健康的影响时，有时无法采用。北欧2023年建议中应用的一种工具评估了暴露因素（营养素和食物类别）与结果（健康和环境）之间关系的强度，该工具会观察研究方法并实施有组织的质量控制。政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）估计，食品系统在全球人为温室气体排放中的占比为31%（23%-42%）。各国目前正致力于通过强化基于食物的膳食指南并纳入可持续性内容来减少食品系统的温室气体排放，这对健康和环境都有益。2023年关于营养素的建议采用了统一的方法以及北欧地区关于体型的新数据。2023年基于食物的膳食指南满足了人们对营养素的需求，并且对环境有益。医生和其他健康专业人员将有可能激发人们对遵循营养和饮食建议的兴趣，这些建议建立在比以往更强大、更广泛的基础之上。
