Andreasen N C, Grove W M
Schizophr Bull. 1986;12(3):348-59. doi: 10.1093/schbul/12.3.348.
Using the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language, and Communication (TLC), we examined the frequency of "thought disorder" in 94 normal volunteers and 100 psychiatric patients (25 each suffering from manic disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenic disorder, disorganized type, and schizophrenic disorder, paranoid type). We observed the manics to have a substantial amount of thought disorder and the normals to have a modest amount, suggesting that thought disorder is probably not pathognomonic of schizophrenia. The patients with affective illness did, however, show a somewhat different pattern of abnormality. In particular, patients with affective psychosis have more prominent positive thought disorder, while the schizophrenic patients tend to have more negative thought disorder. Evaluation of the patients 6 months later indicated that most types of thought disorder remit in the manics, while they persist in the schizophrenics; patients with schizoaffective disorder also tend to improve substantially. The strongest predictor of outcome was the presence of negative thought disorder.
我们使用思维、语言及沟通评估量表（TLC），对94名正常志愿者和100名精神科患者（分别有25名患有躁狂症、分裂情感性障碍、精神分裂症紊乱型和精神分裂症偏执型）的“思维障碍”频率进行了检查。我们观察到躁狂症患者有大量思维障碍，正常志愿者有少量思维障碍，这表明思维障碍可能并非精神分裂症的特征性表现。然而，情感性疾病患者表现出了某种不同的异常模式。特别是，情感性精神病患者有更突出的阳性思维障碍，而精神分裂症患者往往有更多的阴性思维障碍。6个月后对患者的评估表明，大多数类型的思维障碍在躁狂症患者中缓解，而在精神分裂症患者中持续存在；分裂情感性障碍患者也往往有显著改善。结果的最强预测因素是阴性思维障碍的存在。
