Division of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2023 Aug 29;18(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s13011-023-00558-7.
Nicotine dependence, factors associated with dependence, and self-reported side effects among people who use e-cigarettes are scarce in developing countries.
A sample of 302 persons who currently use e-cigarettes was recruited from discussion forums on Reddit, Facebook, and the forum 'lowyat'. The online Google form survey collected data on demographics, e-cigarette use, and the reasons, for cigarette smoking, Fagerstorm Test for Nicotine Dependence adapted for e-cigarettes (eFTND), and side effects experienced.
The mean age was 25.5 years (6.5), 60.6% were males and 86% had higher education. About 47% were using e-cigarettes only, 27.8% were currently using dual products (both electronic and conventional cigarettes), and 25.2% had also smoked cigarettes in the past. 'Less harmful than cigarettes' (56.3%), 'because I enjoy it' (46.7%), and 'it has a variety of flavors (40.4%) were the common reasons for e-cigarette use. The mean eFTND score was 3.9 (SD = 2.2), with a median of four side effects (IQR 3-6), sore or dry mouth/throat (41.4%), cough 33.4%, headache (20.5%), dizziness (16.2%) were commonly reported side effects. eFTND score and side effects were higher among persons using dual products. By multiple linear regression analysis, males (β = 0.56 95% CI 0.45, 1.05, p = 0.033), dual-use (β = 0.95 95% CI 0.34, 1.56, p < 0.003), and use of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes (β = 0.66 95% CI 0.07, 1.25 p = 0.024) had higher eFTND score.
Our findings of the study call for the placement of disclaimers about possible nicotine addiction and side effects of e-cigarette products.
在发展中国家，很少有关于电子烟使用者的尼古丁依赖、与依赖相关的因素以及自我报告的副作用的研究。
从 Reddit、Facebook 和 'lowyat' 论坛上的讨论区招募了 302 名目前使用电子烟的参与者。在线 Google 表单调查收集了人口统计学、电子烟使用情况以及吸烟原因、改编的电子烟版 Fagerstorm 尼古丁依赖测试 (eFTND) 和经历的副作用等数据。
平均年龄为 25.5 岁（6.5），60.6%为男性，86%受过高等教育。约 47%的人仅使用电子烟，27.8%的人目前同时使用电子和传统香烟（双重产品），25.2%的人过去也吸过香烟。“比香烟危害小”（56.3%）、“因为我喜欢”（46.7%）和“有多种口味”（40.4%）是使用电子烟的常见原因。eFTND 平均得分为 3.9（标准差 2.2），中位数为四种副作用（3-6），口干或喉咙痛（41.4%）、咳嗽（33.4%）、头痛（20.5%）和头晕（16.2%）是常见的副作用。使用双重产品的人的 eFTND 评分和副作用较高。通过多元线性回归分析，男性（β=0.56 95%CI 0.45, 1.05，p=0.033）、双重使用（β=0.95 95%CI 0.34, 1.56，p<0.003）和使用含尼古丁的电子烟（β=0.66 95%CI 0.07, 1.25，p=0.024）的 eFTND 评分更高。
我们的研究结果表明，需要对电子烟产品可能导致尼古丁成瘾和副作用的风险提出警示。
