Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA.
Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA.
J Adolesc. 2023 Dec;95(8):1689-1701. doi: 10.1002/jad.12238. Epub 2023 Aug 29.
Although research on racial-ethnic socialization with Asian American families examines academic and psychological outcomes, less is known about whether messages from mothers and fathers are related to their adolescent's Asian American sociopolitical values and family cohesion.
Cross-sectional survey data were collected from 308 Asian American adolescents, ages 14-18, in the United States in 2021 (M = 16.83; standard deviation = 1.15).
Using latent profile analysis, we found that there were three socialization profiles for mothers (integration socialization, moderate separation socialization, and high separation socialization) and two for fathers (integration socialization and high separation socialization). The integration socialization reported more maintenance of heritage culture and becoming American messages, with the lowest reports of awareness of discrimination and avoidance of outgroups. The high separation profile had the highest amount of maintenance of heritage culture messages, awareness of discrimination, and avoidance of outgroups but lowest amount of becoming American messages. Looking at profiles for youths' perceptions of mothers, the moderate separation profile had slightly lower scores on maintenance of heritage culture messages, moderate scores on avoidance of outgroups, and higher reports of becoming American and awareness of discrimination compared to the high separation profile. Adolescents with mothers in the integration profile had the greatest mother-child cohesion and highest level of sociopolitical values. With fathers, Asian American adolescents reported greater father-child cohesion in the integration profile, but there were no differences between socialization profiles and youth's Asian American sociopolitical values.
Findings highlight the importance of parental messages on both identity outcomes (i.e., sociopolitical values) and family processes (i.e., family cohesion).
尽管针对亚裔美国家庭的种族-民族社会化研究考察了学术和心理成果，但对于母亲和父亲的信息是否与青少年的亚裔美国人社会政治价值观和家庭凝聚力有关知之甚少。
2021 年，我们从美国 308 名年龄在 14 至 18 岁的亚裔美国青少年中收集了横断面调查数据（M=16.83；标准差=1.15）。
使用潜在剖面分析，我们发现母亲有三种社会化模式（融合社会化、适度分离社会化和高度分离社会化），父亲有两种（融合社会化和高度分离社会化）。融合社会化报告了更多的传承文化和成为美国人的信息，而对歧视的认识和对外群体的回避程度最低。高度分离模式具有最高的传承文化信息、对歧视的认识和对外群体的回避程度，但成为美国人的信息最低。从青少年对母亲的看法来看，中度分离模式在传承文化信息、回避群体方面的得分略低，而在成为美国人、认识歧视方面的得分略高，与高度分离模式相比。与高度分离模式相比，处于融合模式的青少年的母亲与孩子的凝聚力最强，社会政治价值观水平最高。对于父亲来说，处于融合模式的亚裔美国青少年报告说与父亲的关系更紧密，但在社会化模式和青少年的亚裔美国人社会政治价值观之间没有差异。
研究结果强调了父母信息对身份结果（即社会政治价值观）和家庭过程（即家庭凝聚力）的重要性。
