Takeshita M, Kagawa M, Izawa M, Kitamura K
Surg Neurol. 1986 Nov;26(5):496-500. doi: 10.1016/0090-3019(86)90263-6.
The authors report on factors influencing the outcome after hemorrhagic strokes in infants, children, and adolescents over a period of 14 years. Their series comprised primary hemorrhage in 24 cases (46.2%), including 5 cases of vitamin K deficiency; arteriovenous malformation in 20 cases (38.5%); intracranial aneurysm and moya-moya disease in 3 cases (5.7%) each; and spinal angioma in 2 cases (3.9%). Ten of 52 patients with juvenile hemorrhagic strokes died despite surgical treatment. These fatal cases involved an intraparenchymal hematoma with ventricular casts, and unilateral hydrocephalus suggesting acute, uncontrollable intracranial hypertension. The "child's biologic plasticity" plays an important role in the favorable prognosis in infants, children, and adolescents with hemorrhagic strokes. On the contrary, cases with intraventricular hemorrhage due to any pathologic condition have an unfavorable prognosis.
作者报告了14年间影响婴儿、儿童和青少年出血性中风预后的因素。他们的病例系列包括24例原发性出血（46.2%），其中5例为维生素K缺乏；20例动静脉畸形（38.5%）；3例颅内动脉瘤和烟雾病（各占5.7%）；2例脊髓血管瘤（3.9%）。52例青少年出血性中风患者中有10例尽管接受了手术治疗仍死亡。这些致命病例包括脑实质内血肿伴脑室铸型，以及单侧脑积水，提示急性、无法控制的颅内高压。“儿童的生物可塑性”在出血性中风的婴儿、儿童和青少年的良好预后中起着重要作用。相反，任何病理状况导致的脑室内出血病例预后不良。
