School of Government Administration, Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, 201701, China.
Business School, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Sep;30(45):101151-101167. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29096-2. Epub 2023 Aug 30.
China's agricultural subsidy system has increased the investment on the agricultural production factors such as energy and chemistry, which caused an increase of agricultural carbon emissions. Based on the Thousand-Village Survey data from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics in 2013, the focal paper uses ordinary and two-stage least squares (OLS and 2SLS) to systematically investigate the impact and mechanism of agricultural subsidies on agricultural carbon emissions in China. Results show that China's current agricultural subsidy system has a promoting effect on agricultural carbon emissions. Four types of agricultural subsidies, namely, direct grain subsidies, subsidies for improved varieties, comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials, and agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, impact the agricultural carbon emissions in ascending order. The agricultural subsidies increase the agricultural carbon emissions directly and indirectly. The findings indicate that a new type of agricultural subsidy system should be constructed, which mainly includes subsidies for farmers' out-migrating for work and land transfer, direct subsidies for grain, and subsidies for improved seed varieties. Among them, the direct grain subsidies should be implemented on the size of planting area and subsidies for improved seed varieties on the size of farmland to reduce the agricultural carbon emissions.
中国的农业补贴制度增加了能源和化学等农业生产要素的投入，导致农业碳排放增加。基于上海财经大学 2013 年的“千村调查”数据，本文利用普通最小二乘法（OLS）和两阶段最小二乘法（2SLS）系统地研究了中国农业补贴对农业碳排放的影响及其机制。结果表明，中国现行的农业补贴制度对农业碳排放具有促进作用。直接粮食补贴、优良品种补贴、综合农资补贴和农业机械购置补贴这四种农业补贴对农业碳排放的影响程度依次递增。农业补贴既可以直接也可以间接地增加农业碳排放。研究结果表明，应构建新型农业补贴制度，主要包括农民外出务工和土地流转补贴、直接粮食补贴以及优良品种补贴。其中，直接粮食补贴应按种植面积实施，优良品种补贴应按耕地面积实施，以减少农业碳排放。
