Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China; email:
Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2024 Jan 17;16:467-485. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-021623-093133. Epub 2023 Aug 30.
Marine invertebrates are ecologically and economically important and have formed holobionts by evolving symbiotic relationships with cellular and acellular microorganisms that reside in and on their tissues. In recent decades, significant focus on symbiotic cellular microorganisms has led to the discovery of various functions and a considerable expansion of our knowledge of holobiont functions. Despite this progress, our understanding of symbiotic acellular microorganisms remains insufficient, impeding our ability to achieve a comprehensive understanding of marine holobionts. In this review, we highlight the abundant viruses, with a particular emphasis on bacteriophages; provide an overview of their diversity, especially in extensively studied sponges and corals; and examine their potential life cycles. In addition, we discuss potential phage-holobiont interactions of various invertebrates, including participating in initial bacterial colonization, maintaining symbiotic relationships, and causing or exacerbating the diseases of marine invertebrates. Despite the importance of this subject, knowledge of how viruses contribute to marine invertebrate organisms remains limited. Advancements in technology and greater attention to viruses will enhance our understanding of marine invertebrate holobionts.
海洋无脊椎动物在生态和经济上都很重要，它们通过与生活在其组织内和组织上的细胞和无细胞微生物进化出共生关系，从而形成了全寄生生物。近几十年来，人们对共生细胞微生物的高度关注，导致了对各种功能的发现，并极大地扩展了我们对全寄生生物功能的认识。尽管取得了这一进展，但我们对共生无细胞微生物的理解仍然不足，这阻碍了我们全面了解海洋全寄生生物的能力。在这篇综述中，我们强调了丰富的病毒，特别是噬菌体；概述了它们的多样性，特别是在广泛研究的海绵和珊瑚中；并研究了它们潜在的生命周期。此外，我们还讨论了各种无脊椎动物的潜在噬菌体-全寄生生物相互作用，包括参与初始细菌定植、维持共生关系以及引起或加剧海洋无脊椎动物疾病。尽管这一主题很重要，但关于病毒如何促进海洋无脊椎动物的知识仍然有限。技术的进步和对病毒的更多关注将增强我们对海洋无脊椎动物全寄生生物的理解。
