Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov St., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan.
Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2023 Nov;14(6):102240. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102240. Epub 2023 Aug 28.
Ticks are involved in the circulation of a number of human pathogens, including spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia spp. and Coxiella burnetii. Little is known about the occurrence of these microorganisms in the southern region of Kazakhstan. In 2018-2022, a total of 726 ticks were collected from bitten humans, livestock, and vegetation in four oblasts of the southern region of Kazakhstan and subjected to DNA extraction. The overall infection rate of Coxiella spp. and Rickettsia spp. in the ticks was 3.3% (24/726) and 69.9% (300/429), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of ompA and gltA genes revealed the presence of three pathogenic SFG rickettsiae: Candidatus R. tarasevichiae, R. aeschlimannii and R. raoultii in ticks collected from bitten humans. In addition, Candidatus R. barbariae was detected in six Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks for the first time in Kazakhstan. To determine the seroprevalence of C. burnetii infection, we performed a serological analysis of samples collected from 656 domestic ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats) in the region. Overall, 23.5% (154/656) of the animals tested were positive for IgG against C. burnetii. Seroprevalence at the herd level was 54% (28/52). Goats (43%; 12/28; odds ratio (OD) = 28.9, p < 0.05) and sheep (31.9%; 137/430; OD = 18.1, p < 0.05) had higher seroprevalence than cattle (2.5%; 5/198). Among the risk factors considered in this study, age (p = 0.003) and the oblast in which the animals were sampled (p = 0.049) were statistically associated with seropostivity for Q fever in sheep, according to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis. Seroprevalence ranged from 0% to 55.5% in animals in different districts of the southern region of Kazakhstan. Active C. burnetii bacteremia was detected in four of 154 (2.6%) seropositive animals. The data obtained provide strong evidence of the presence of pathogenic rickettsiae and C. burnetii in the southern region of Kazakhstan and emphasize the need to improve epidemiological surveillance in the region.
蜱虫参与了多种人类病原体的传播，包括斑点热群（SFG）立克次体和柯克斯体。关于这些微生物在哈萨克斯坦南部地区的发生情况知之甚少。2018 年至 2022 年，从哈萨克斯坦南部四个地区叮咬人类、牲畜和植被的 726 只蜱虫中提取 DNA 进行检测。柯克斯体和立克次体在蜱虫中的总感染率分别为 3.3%（24/726）和 69.9%（300/429）。ompA 和 gltA 基因的系统发育分析显示，从叮咬人类的蜱虫中检测到三种致病性 SFG 立克次体：候选立克次氏体。tarasevichiae、R. aeschlimannii 和 R. raoultii。此外，首次在哈萨克斯坦的 6 只钝缘蜱中检测到候选立克次氏体。巴巴里亚。为了确定柯克斯体感染的血清流行率，我们对该地区采集的 656 只（牛、羊、山羊）家养反刍动物样本进行了血清学分析。总体而言，23.5%（154/656）的动物对 C. burnetii 的 IgG 呈阳性。在畜群水平上，血清阳性率为 54%（28/52）。山羊（43%；12/28；比值比（OR）=28.9，p <0.05）和绵羊（31.9%；137/430；OR=18.1，p<0.05）的血清阳性率高于牛（2.5%；5/198）。在本研究考虑的危险因素中，根据多变量逻辑回归分析的结果，年龄（p=0.003）和动物采样的地区（p=0.049）与绵羊 Q 热的血清阳性率呈统计学相关。哈萨克斯坦南部不同地区动物的血清阳性率为 0%至 55.5%。在 154 只血清阳性动物中，有 4 只（2.6%）检测到活性柯克斯体菌血症。获得的数据有力地证明了致病性立克次体和 C. burnetii 在哈萨克斯坦南部地区的存在，并强调需要加强该地区的流行病学监测。
