Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Poult Sci. 2023 Nov;102(11):103005. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103005. Epub 2023 Aug 5.
In some areas of the world, climate-controlled poultry houses are not possible; thus, likely resulting in lower production measurements and poorer quality poultry products due to lipid oxidation during heat stress. In Japanese quail, heat stress can occur starting at 30˚C; however, as climate change becomes more severe, temperatures above 30˚C may become more frequent. Endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) can prevent further oxidation. The goal of this study was to determine if 10 generations of selection for low feed conversion ratio (FCR) in Japanese quail at 31.1˚C resulted in lower lipid oxidation and more antioxidant activity. The experimental design for adult tissues was 4 treatments × 2 sexes × 4 tissue types and for egg yolks was 4 treatments × 3 wk of lay with varying storage conditions. Lipid oxidation was determined in brain, liver, kidney, thigh, and yolk. SOD and CAT activities were determined in brain, liver, kidney, and thigh. ANOVA indicated significance at P ≤ 0.05. Results suggested that heat stress at 31.1˚C and 10 generations of selection for low FCR did not significantly affect lipid oxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities across all tissues. Tissue differences occurred in lipid oxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity. Brain had the most oxidation, followed by liver > kidney > thigh (P < 0.0004). Kidneys had significantly more CAT activity than brain, liver, and thigh. Brain and thigh had similar CAT activities. Thus, poultry products from quail raised at this temperature may have similar quality to those that are raised within their thermoneutral zone (18 to 30˚C). Future directions could include comparisons within the thermoneutral zone and incrementally higher temperatures to 1) to pinpoint the temperature when biochemical measurements in tissues associated with lipid oxidation begin to occur, 2) determine when total antioxidant capacity and lipid oxidation are significantly higher, and 3) ascertain SOD and CAT activity in day-of-lay yolks of eggs for future production to properly administer heat stress mitigation strategies.
在世界上的一些地区，无法实现家禽饲养的温控环境；因此，由于热应激期间的脂质氧化，家禽的产量和产品质量可能会下降。在鹌鹑中，当温度达到 30°C 时就可能发生热应激；然而，随着气候变化变得更加严重，30°C 以上的温度可能会更加频繁。内源性抗氧化酶，如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT），可以阻止进一步的氧化。本研究的目的是确定在 31.1°C 下对鹌鹑进行 10 代的低饲料转化率（FCR）选育是否会导致脂质氧化减少和抗氧化活性增加。成年组织的实验设计为 4 种处理×2 种性别×4 种组织类型，蛋黄的实验设计为 4 种处理×3 周产蛋期，不同的存储条件。在大脑、肝脏、肾脏、大腿和蛋黄中测定脂质氧化。在大脑、肝脏、肾脏和大腿中测定 SOD 和 CAT 活性。方差分析表明 P ≤ 0.05 时差异显著。结果表明，31.1°C 的热应激和 10 代的低 FCR 选择对所有组织的脂质氧化和抗氧化酶活性没有显著影响。不同组织的脂质氧化和抗氧化酶活性存在差异。大脑中的氧化程度最高，其次是肝脏>肾脏>大腿（P < 0.0004）。肾脏中的 CAT 活性明显高于大脑、肝脏和大腿。大脑和大腿中的 CAT 活性相似。因此，在该温度下饲养的鹌鹑的禽产品可能与在其热中性区（18 至 30°C）饲养的禽产品质量相似。未来的研究方向可以包括在热中性区和递增的更高温度范围内进行比较，以 1）确定与脂质氧化相关的组织中生化测量开始发生的温度，2）确定总抗氧化能力和脂质氧化显著增加的温度，以及 3）确定产蛋当天蛋黄中的 SOD 和 CAT 活性，以便为未来的生产正确实施热应激缓解策略。
