Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
Department of Clinical Thanatology and Geriatric Behavioral Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka, Japan.
J Prosthodont Res. 2024 Jul 8;68(3):400-406. doi: 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_23_00050. Epub 2023 Aug 31.
Individuals with impaired masticatory function tend to prefer soft foods, which results in decreased masticatory muscle activity. This study examined the association between the oral condition (number of teeth, occlusal force, and occlusal contact area) and dietary hardness using a daily dietary questionnaire.
This cross-sectional study evaluated 1841 participants aged 69-71 and 79-81 years. Registered dentists examined the number of teeth, occlusal force, and occlusal contact area. Dietary hardness was defined as the estimated masticatory muscle activity required for a habitual diet. Habitual diet during the preceding month was assessed using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Confounding factors, such as age, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking habits, history of chronic diseases (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes), and cognitive function were also evaluated. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between dietary hardness and each oral condition.
Occlusal force (standardized regression coefficients [β]=0.08, P < 0.01) and occlusal contact area (β=0.06, P < 0.01) were significantly associated with dietary hardness after adjusting for the confounding factors. Number of teeth was not significantly associated with dietary hardness. In addition, the associations between dietary hardness, sex, and a history of diabetes were stronger than those between dietary hardness and oral factors.
Occlusal force and contact area were significantly associated with dietary hardness as estimated from the masticatory muscle activity using a daily diet questionnaire.
咀嚼功能受损的个体往往更喜欢软食，这导致咀嚼肌活动减少。本研究使用每日饮食问卷检查口腔状况（牙齿数量、咬合力和咬合接触面积）与饮食硬度之间的关系。
本横断面研究评估了 1841 名 69-71 岁和 79-81 岁的参与者。注册牙医检查了牙齿数量、咬合力和咬合接触面积。饮食硬度定义为习惯性饮食所需的咀嚼肌活动估计值。在过去一个月中，使用简短的自我管理饮食历史问卷评估习惯性饮食。还评估了年龄、性别、社会经济地位、吸烟习惯、慢性疾病（高血压、高血脂和糖尿病）史和认知功能等混杂因素。进行多元线性回归分析以评估饮食硬度与每种口腔状况之间的关系。
调整混杂因素后，咬合力（标准化回归系数[β]=0.08，P<0.01）和咬合接触面积（β=0.06，P<0.01）与饮食硬度显著相关。牙齿数量与饮食硬度无显著相关性。此外，饮食硬度、性别和糖尿病史之间的关联强于饮食硬度与口腔因素之间的关联。
使用每日饮食问卷根据咀嚼肌活动估计的咬合力和接触面积与饮食硬度显著相关。
