Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
Centro de Estudos Ambientais (CEA), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Sep;30(45):101250-101266. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29474-w. Epub 2023 Aug 30.
This study aims at the application of a marine fungal consortium (Aspergillus sclerotiorum CRM 348 and Cryptococcus laurentii CRM 707) for the bioremediation of diesel oil-contaminated soil under microcosm conditions. The impact of biostimulation (BS) and/or bioaugmentation (BA) treatments on diesel-oil biodegradation, soil quality, and the structure of the microbial community were studied. The use of the fungal consortium together with nutrients (BA/BS) resulted in a TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) degradation 42% higher than that obtained by natural attenuation (NA) within 120 days. For the same period, a 72 to 92% removal of short-chain alkanes (C12 to C19) was obtained by BA/BS, while only 3 to 65% removal was achieved by NA. BA/BS also showed high degradation efficiency of long-chain alkanes (C20 to C24) at 120 days, reaching 90 and 92% of degradation of icosane and heneicosane, respectively. In contrast, an increase in the levels of cyclosiloxanes (characterized as bacterial bioemulsifiers and biosurfactants) was observed in the soil treated by the consortium. Conversely, the NA presented a maximum of 37% of degradation of these alkane fractions. The 5-ringed PAH benzo(a)pyrene, was removed significantly better with the BA/BS treatment than with the NA (48 vs. 38 % of biodegradation, respectively). Metabarcoding analysis revealed that BA/BS caused a decrease in the soil microbial diversity with a concomitant increase in the abundance of specific microbial groups, including hydrocarbon-degrading (bacteria and fungi) and also an enhancement in soil microbial activity. Our results highlight the great potential of this consortium for soil treatment after diesel spills, as well as the relevance of the massive sequencing, enzymatic, microbiological and GC-HRMS analyses for a better understanding of diesel bioremediation.
本研究旨在应用海洋真菌混合物（黄曲霉 CRM 348 和隐球菌 CRM 707）对微宇宙条件下受柴油污染的土壤进行生物修复。研究了生物刺激（BS）和/或生物强化（BA）处理对柴油生物降解、土壤质量和微生物群落结构的影响。使用真菌混合物和营养物质（BA/BS）的处理导致总石油烃（TPH）的降解比自然衰减（NA）高 42%，在 120 天内完成。在同一时期，BA/BS 对短链烷烃（C12 至 C19）的去除率为 72%至 92%，而 NA 的去除率仅为 3%至 65%。BA/BS 在 120 天内对长链烷烃（C20 至 C24）也表现出很高的降解效率，分别达到icosane 和heneicosane 降解的 90%和 92%。相比之下，在真菌混合物处理的土壤中观察到环硅氧烷（被认为是细菌生物乳化剂和生物表面活性剂）的水平增加。相反，NA 对这些烷烃部分的降解率最高为 37%。五环多环芳烃苯并（a）芘（benzo(a)pyrene）的去除率也明显优于 NA（分别为 48%和 38%的生物降解）。宏条形码分析显示，BA/BS 降低了土壤微生物多样性，同时增加了特定微生物群的丰度，包括烃类降解（细菌和真菌），并增强了土壤微生物活性。我们的研究结果突出了该混合物在柴油泄漏后土壤处理方面的巨大潜力，同时也强调了大规模测序、酶学、微生物学和 GC-HRMS 分析对于更好地理解柴油生物修复的重要性。
