Sun Yifei, Zabihi Mahmood, Li Qi, Li Xiaosi, Kim Brandon J, Ubogu Eroboghene E, Raja Srinivasa N, Wesselmann Ursula, Zhao Chao
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA.
Adv Ther (Weinh). 2023 Apr;6(4). doi: 10.1002/adtp.202200150. Epub 2023 Jan 18.
Drug delivery into the peripheral nerves and nerve roots has important implications for effective local anesthesia and treatment of peripheral neuropathies and chronic neuropathic pain. Similar to drugs that need to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) to gain access to the central nervous system (CNS), drugs must cross the peripheral nerve barriers (PNB), formed by the perineurium and blood-nerve barrier (BNB) to modulate peripheral axons. Despite significant progress made to develop effective strategies to enhance BBB permeability in therapeutic drug design, efforts to enhance drug permeability and retention in peripheral nerves and nerve roots are relatively understudied. Guided by knowledge describing structural, molecular and functional similarities between restrictive neural barriers in the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS), we hypothesize that certain CNS drug delivery strategies are adaptable for peripheral nerve drug delivery. In this review, we describe the molecular, structural and functional similarities and differences between the BBB and PNB, summarize and compare existing CNS and peripheral nerve drug delivery strategies, and discuss the potential application of selected CNS delivery strategies to improve efficacious drug entry for peripheral nerve disorders.
将药物递送至外周神经和神经根对于有效的局部麻醉以及外周神经病变和慢性神经性疼痛的治疗具有重要意义。与需要穿过血脑屏障（BBB）和血脊髓屏障（BSCB）才能进入中枢神经系统（CNS）的药物类似，药物必须穿过由神经束膜和血神经屏障（BNB）形成的外周神经屏障（PNB），以调节外周轴突。尽管在治疗药物设计中为开发增强血脑屏障通透性的有效策略取得了重大进展，但增强药物在外周神经和神经根中的通透性和滞留的研究相对较少。基于描述中枢神经系统（CNS）和外周神经系统（PNS）中限制性神经屏障之间结构、分子和功能相似性的知识，我们假设某些中枢神经系统药物递送策略适用于外周神经药物递送。在这篇综述中，我们描述了血脑屏障和外周神经屏障之间的分子、结构和功能异同，总结并比较了现有的中枢神经系统和外周神经药物递送策略，并讨论了选定的中枢神经系统递送策略在改善外周神经疾病有效药物进入方面的潜在应用。
