Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
REACH Lab, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2023 Oct 1;141(10):937-946. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.3852.
Despite increasing use of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and related health effects among youth, few studies have reported their effects on eyes.
To examine the frequency and severity of ocular symptoms (ocular discomfort, pain, burning, itching, redness, dryness, glare, blurriness, strain, and headaches) in young e-cigarette and cigarette users.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In an observational cross-sectional study, a survey conducted in May 6 to 14, 2020, asked participants about use (ever, past 30 days, and past 7 days) of e-cigarettes and cigarettes. The participants included US individuals aged 13 to 24 years.
Associations between vision-related outcomes (general vision, severity/frequency of ocular symptoms) and tobacco use were analyzed using weighted multivariable logistic regressions, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, contact lens use, and other combustible use.
There were 2168 never users, 2183 ever users, 1092 past 30-day users, and 919 past 7-day users of e-cigarettes; 55.9% of e-cigarette ever users also used cigarettes (dual users). Of the 4351 respondents, 63.8% identified as female, and mean (SD) age was 19.1 (2.9) years. Between 1.1% and 3.9% of ever dual users reported severe to very severe ocular symptoms; between 0.9% and 4.3% reported daily symptoms, which was higher than the proportion of symptoms in e-cigarette- or cigarette-only users. Past 7-day dual users had more severe itching (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.37; 95% CI, 1.36-4.13; P = .002), redness (AOR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.50-4.46; P = .001), dryness (AOR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.64-5.08; P < .001), glare (AOR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.50-4.35; P = .001), blurriness (AOR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.36-4.50; P = .003), headaches (AOR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.34-4.00; P = .003); and more frequent pain (AOR, 3.45; 95% CI, 2.09-5.68; P < .001), burning (AOR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.86-5.09; P < .001), and redness (AOR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.69-4.36; P < .001) than all other participants. Past 30-day dual users had more severe dryness (AOR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.61-4.36; P < .001) and more frequent pain (AOR, 3.33; 95% CI, 2.12-5.21; P < .001) than all other participants. Ever dual users experienced more severe dryness (AOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.05-2.43; P = .03) and blurriness (AOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.21-2.64; P = .003) and more frequent pain (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.13-2.53; P = .01) and blurriness (AOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.13-2.36; P = .009) than never users.
In this cross-sectional US study, adolescents and young adult users of both e-cigarettes and cigarettes had a higher likelihood of experiencing severe and frequent ocular symptoms, with past 7-day users reporting more symptoms than past 30-day users or ever users. These findings provide additional reasons for users of e-cigarettes and cigarettes to reduce their tobacco use to possibly prevent or minimize ocular symptoms.
尽管越来越多的青少年使用香烟和电子烟（电子烟），并因此产生了相关的健康影响，但很少有研究报告其对眼睛的影响。
调查年轻电子烟和香烟使用者眼部不适症状（眼部不适、疼痛、灼热、瘙痒、发红、干燥、眩光、模糊、眼疲劳和头痛）的频率和严重程度。
设计、地点和参与者：在一项观察性横断面研究中，于 2020 年 5 月 6 日至 14 日进行了一项调查，询问参与者电子烟和香烟的使用情况（曾经、过去 30 天和过去 7 天）。参与者包括年龄在 13 至 24 岁之间的美国个人。
使用加权多变量逻辑回归分析了与视力相关的结果（一般视力、眼部症状的严重程度/频率）与烟草使用之间的关联，调整了社会人口因素、隐形眼镜使用和其他可燃使用。
有 2168 名从未使用者、2183 名曾使用者、1092 名过去 30 天使用者和 919 名过去 7 天使用者使用过电子烟；55.9%的电子烟曾使用者也使用香烟（双重使用者）。在 4351 名受访者中，63.8%为女性，平均（SD）年龄为 19.1（2.9）岁。1.1%至 3.9%的双重使用者报告有严重至非常严重的眼部症状；0.9%至 4.3%的人报告有每日症状，这一比例高于电子烟或香烟单一使用者的症状比例。过去 7 天的双重使用者有更严重的瘙痒（调整后的优势比 [AOR]，2.37；95%置信区间 [CI]，1.36-4.13；P=0.002）、发红（AOR，2.58；95% CI，1.50-4.46；P=0.001）、干燥（AOR，2.89；95% CI，1.64-5.08；P<0.001）、眩光（AOR，2.56；95% CI，1.50-4.35；P=0.001）、模糊（AOR，2.47；95% CI，1.36-4.50；P=0.003）、头痛（AOR，2.31；95% CI，1.34-4.00；P=0.003）；以及更频繁的疼痛（AOR，3.45；95% CI，2.09-5.68；P<0.001）、灼热（AOR，3.08；95% CI，1.86-5.09；P<0.001）和发红（AOR，2.72；95% CI，1.69-4.36；P<0.001），高于所有其他参与者。过去 30 天的双重使用者有更严重的干燥（AOR，2.65；95% CI，1.61-4.36；P<0.001）和更频繁的疼痛（AOR，3.33；95% CI，2.12-5.21；P<0.001），高于所有其他参与者。曾使用者有更严重的干燥（AOR，1.60；95% CI，1.05-2.43；P=0.03）和模糊（AOR，1.79；95% CI，1.21-2.64；P=0.003）以及更频繁的疼痛（AOR，1.69；95% CI，1.13-2.53；P=0.01）和模糊（AOR，1.63；95% CI，1.13-2.36；P=0.009），高于从未使用者。
在这项美国横断面研究中，电子烟和香烟的青少年和年轻成年人使用者出现严重和频繁眼部症状的可能性更高，过去 7 天使用者比过去 30 天使用者或曾使用者报告的症状更多。这些发现为电子烟和香烟使用者提供了更多的理由，以减少他们的烟草使用，以可能预防或最小化眼部症状。
