Mohy Eldin Ahmed, Hossam Nermeen
Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environmental Research Institute (SWERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
Prep Biochem Biotechnol. 2023 Oct;53(9):1013-1042. doi: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2175364. Epub 2023 Aug 31.
Microbial surfactants are green molecules with high surface activities having the most promising advantages over chemical surfactants including their ability to efficiently reducing surface and interfacial tension, nontoxic emulsion-based formulations, biocompatibility, biodegradability, simplicity of preparation from low cost materials such as residual by-products and renewable resources at large scales, effectiveness and stabilization under extreme conditions and broad spectrum antagonism of pathogens to be part of the biocontrol strategy. Thus, biosurfactants are universal tools of great current interest. The present work describes the major types and microbial origin of surfactants and their production optimization from agro-industrial wastes in the batch shake-flasks and bioreactor systems through solid-state and submerged fermentation industries. Various downstream strategies that had been developed to extract and purify biosurfactants are discussed. Further, the physicochemical properties and functional characteristics of biosurfactants open new future prospects for the development of efficient and eco-friendly commercially successful biotechnological product compounds with diverse potential applications in environment, industry, biomedicine, nanotechnology and energy-saving technology as well.
微生物表面活性剂是具有高表面活性的绿色分子，与化学表面活性剂相比具有最具前景的优势，包括能够有效降低表面和界面张力、基于无毒乳液的配方、生物相容性、生物降解性、可大规模由低成本材料（如残余副产品和可再生资源）简单制备、在极端条件下的有效性和稳定性以及作为生物防治策略一部分的对病原体的广谱拮抗作用。因此，生物表面活性剂是当前备受关注的通用工具。本工作描述了表面活性剂的主要类型和微生物来源，以及通过固态和深层发酵工业在分批摇瓶和生物反应器系统中从农业工业废料生产优化表面活性剂的方法。讨论了已开发的用于提取和纯化生物表面活性剂的各种下游策略。此外，生物表面活性剂的物理化学性质和功能特性为开发高效、环保且商业上成功的生物技术产品化合物开辟了新的未来前景，这些化合物在环境、工业、生物医学、纳米技术和节能技术等方面也具有多种潜在应用。
