Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Estatal Sta. Inés Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla, 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, México.
Polaquima S. A. de C. V., Km 144, Carretera Federal Méx-Ver S/N, 90460, Xaloztoc, Tlaxcala, México.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Oct 1;35(10):155. doi: 10.1007/s11274-019-2729-3.
Biosurfactants are amphiphilic molecules produced by a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi. Unlike chemically synthesized surfactants, biosurfactants present advantages, such as biodegradability, low toxicity, high selectivity and activity under extreme temperature, pH and salinity conditions, as well as a low critical micelle concentration. Moreover, they can be produced from agro-industrial waste and renewable sources. Their structural diversity and functional properties mean that they have potential applications in various industrial processes as wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, foaming agents, food additives and detergents, as well as in the field of environmental biotechnology. However, opportunities for their commercialization have been limited due to the low yields obtained in the fermentation processes involved in their production as well as the use of refined raw materials, which means higher cost in production. In an attempt to solve these limitations on the commercialization of biosurfactants, various research groups have focused on testing the use of inexpensive alternative sources, such as agro-industrial waste, as substrates for the production of different biosurfactants. In addition to enabling the economical production of biosurfactants, the use of such waste aims to reduce the accumulation of compounds that cause environmental damage. This review shows advances in biosurfactant production carried out using different waste materials or by-products from agro-industrial activities.
生物表面活性剂是由多种微生物（包括细菌、酵母和丝状真菌）产生的两亲分子。与化学合成表面活性剂不同，生物表面活性剂具有优势，如可生物降解性、低毒性、在极端温度、pH 值和盐度条件下的高选择性和活性，以及低临界胶束浓度。此外，它们可以从农业工业废物和可再生资源中生产。它们的结构多样性和功能特性意味着它们在各种工业过程中具有潜在的应用，如润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、起泡剂、食品添加剂和清洁剂，以及在环境生物技术领域。然而，由于在其生产过程中发酵所获得的低产量以及使用精制原料，导致生产成本更高，因此它们的商业化机会受到限制。为了解决生物表面活性剂商业化的这些限制，各个研究小组都专注于测试使用廉价的替代来源，如农业工业废物，作为生产不同生物表面活性剂的底物。除了能够经济地生产生物表面活性剂外，使用这种废物的目的还在于减少引起环境破坏的化合物的积累。本文综述了使用不同的农业工业活动的废物或副产物进行生物表面活性剂生产的进展。
