Novotná Tereza, Jahn Petr, Šamonilová Eva, Kabešová Michaela, Pospíšilová Sabina, Maršálek Petr
Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
Toxicon. 2023 Oct;234:107271. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107271. Epub 2023 Aug 29.
Hypoglycin A (HGA) is an amino acid occuring in the Sapindaceae family. Ingestion of certain Acer genus plants belonging to this family has been connected with atypical myopathy (AM) or seasonal pasture myopathy (SPM). To date, all cases of AM/SPM have been associated with sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and boxelder maple (Acer negundo). The aim of this work was to determine and compare HGA in sycamore, boxelder and silver maple (Acer saccharinum), the trees known for HGA content, whose occurence is quite common in the Czech Republic. In sycamore and boxelder maple the effect of location, weather condition and sampling season was evaluated. The other aim was screening for presence of HGA in 12 other species of Acer genus which are grown as ornamental trees in Europe. The determination of HGA was conducted using ultra - high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS). HGA was detected in all samples of sycamore, boxelder and silver maple except for eight leave samples of boxelder maple. In the case of sycamore maple, the highest concentrations of HGA (median) were found in seedlings (770 mg/kg) followed by samaras (130 mg/kg) and by leaves (48 mg/kg) and inflorescences (24 mg/kg). In boxelder maple, significantly higher concentrations of HGA (median) were found in seedlings (550 mg/kg) compared with samaras (45 mg/kg), leaves (14 mg/kg) and inflorescences (24 mg/kg). According to the results the seedlings could pose a significant risk of poisoning, although other factors such as accessibility and palatability of other parts, especially samaras, should be considered. No significant differences of HGA concentrations in silver maple (56 mg/kg) were found between samaras, leaves and inflorescences. HGA was also identified in sugar maple (Acer saccharum), Japanese maple (Acer palmatum), trident maple (Acer buergerianum), paperbark maple (Acer griseum) and Himalayan maple (Acer oblongum). Although silver maple and other ornamental maples have not been reported to cause AM/SPM, the possibility of intoxication in animals can not be excluded.
低血糖素A（HGA）是一种存在于无患子科的氨基酸。摄入该科某些槭属植物与非典型肌病（AM）或季节性牧场肌病（SPM）有关。迄今为止，所有AM/SPM病例均与梧桐槭（Acer pseudoplatanus）和梣叶槭（Acer negundo）有关。这项工作的目的是测定并比较梧桐槭、梣叶槭和银槭（Acer saccharinum）中的HGA含量，这几种树以含有HGA而闻名，在捷克共和国相当常见。对于梧桐槭和梣叶槭，评估了地理位置、天气条件和采样季节的影响。另一个目的是筛查欧洲作为观赏树种植的其他12种槭属植物中是否存在HGA。使用超高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱法（LC/MS）测定HGA。在梧桐槭、梣叶槭和银槭的所有样本中均检测到了HGA，但有八个梣叶槭叶片样本除外。就梧桐槭而言，HGA浓度最高（中位数）的是幼苗（770毫克/千克），其次是翅果（130毫克/千克）、叶片（48毫克/千克）和花序（24毫克/千克）。在梣叶槭中，幼苗中的HGA浓度（中位数）显著高于翅果（45毫克/千克）、叶片（14毫克/千克）和花序（24毫克/千克）。根据结果，幼苗可能构成重大中毒风险，不过还应考虑其他因素，如其他部位，尤其是翅果的可及性和适口性。银槭的翅果、叶片和花序之间的HGA浓度（56毫克/千克）未发现显著差异。在糖槭（Acer saccharum）、日本枫（Acer palmatum）、三角枫（Acer buergerianum）、纸皮槭（Acer griseum）和喜马拉雅槭（Acer oblongum）中也鉴定出了HGA。虽然尚未报道银槭和其他观赏枫树会导致AM/SPM，但不能排除动物中毒的可能性。
